{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2025-01-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-01-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2025-01-20","date_display":"January 20, 2025 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460695.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872230.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.8923,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":167.8509,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":251.9586,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9586},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3,"moon_longitude":167.8509,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.8509},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":83.7432},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460695.770833,"ahargana":1872230.2708,"kali_year":5126,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.203,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":276.022284,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":166.43688399999996,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.5961},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":90.07958400000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":262.715184,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":47.43488400000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":322.473084,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":322.083484,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":340.2304,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":160.2304,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2025,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460695.770833,"kali_year":5126,"ahargana":1872230.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.8923,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":167.8509,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":251.9586,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.9586},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3,"moon_longitude":167.8509,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.8509},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":83.7432},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.596,"elongation":108.041},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.596,"opposition_distance":71.959}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:19","sunsetLocal":"17:17","solarNoonLocal":"11:48","dayLengthHours":10.961423639835623,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 57 Mins 41 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 02 Mins 19 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:34","moonsetLocal":"10:25","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:03","startHours":7.687964524015463,"endHours":9.058142478994917,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:26","end":"11:48","startHours":10.428320433974369,"endHours":11.79849838895382,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:10","end":"14:32","startHours":13.168676343933274,"endHours":14.538854298912728,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:14","startHours":8.875452084997654,"endHours":9.240832872992176,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:46","end":"07:04","startHours":6.774512554029161,"endHours":7.066817184424777,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:26","end":"12:10","startHours":11.4331176009593,"endHours":12.163879176948342,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:35","startHours":4.856263417057927,"endHours":5.587024993046969,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:19","startHours":5.404334599049708,"endHours":6.31778656903601,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:38","end":"14:21","startHours":13.625402328926425,"endHours":14.356163904915466,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:05","end":"17:29","startHours":17.079210208871633,"endHours":17.47921020887163,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:17","end":"17:44","startHours":17.279210208871632,"endHours":17.735936193864784,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:02","end":"18:47","startHours":17.029210208871632,"endHours":18.779210208871632,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:26","end":"00:10","startHours":23.4331176009593,"endHours":24.163879176948342,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:19","end":"07:41","startHours":6.31778656903601,"endHours":7.687964524015463,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:03","startHours":7.687964524015463,"endHours":9.058142478994917,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:03","end":"10:26","startHours":9.058142478994917,"endHours":10.428320433974369,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:26","end":"11:48","startHours":10.428320433974369,"endHours":11.79849838895382,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:48","end":"13:10","startHours":11.79849838895382,"endHours":13.168676343933274,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:10","end":"14:32","startHours":13.168676343933274,"endHours":14.538854298912728,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:32","end":"15:55","startHours":14.538854298912728,"endHours":15.909032253892178,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:55","end":"17:17","startHours":15.909032253892178,"endHours":17.279210208871632,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:17","end":"18:55","startHours":17.279210208871632,"endHours":18.90903225389218,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:55","end":"20:32","startHours":18.90903225389218,"endHours":20.538854298912725,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:32","end":"22:10","startHours":20.538854298912725,"endHours":22.168676343933274,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:10","end":"23:48","startHours":22.168676343933274,"endHours":23.79849838895382,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:48","end":"01:26","startHours":23.79849838895382,"endHours":25.428320433974367,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:26","end":"03:03","startHours":25.428320433974367,"endHours":27.058142478994917,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:03","end":"04:41","startHours":27.058142478994917,"endHours":28.687964524015463,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:41","end":"06:19","startHours":28.687964524015463,"endHours":30.31778656903601,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.31778656903601,"endHours":7.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.31778656903601,"endHours":8.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.31778656903601,"endHours":9.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.31778656903601,"endHours":10.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.31778656903601,"endHours":11.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.31778656903601,"endHours":12.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.31778656903601,"endHours":13.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.31778656903601,"endHours":14.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.31778656903601,"endHours":15.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.31778656903601,"endHours":16.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.31778656903601,"endHours":17.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.31778656903601,"endHours":18.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.31778656903601,"endHours":19.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.31778656903601,"endHours":20.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.31778656903601,"endHours":21.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.31778656903601,"endHours":22.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.31778656903601,"endHours":23.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.31778656903601,"endHours":24.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.31778656903601,"endHours":25.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.31778656903601,"endHours":26.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.31778656903601,"endHours":27.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.31778656903601,"endHours":28.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":28.31778656903601,"endHours":29.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":29.31778656903601,"endHours":30.31778656903601,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.100129864581962,"eotMinutes":-10.9643033372293,"ayanamsa":24.203}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2082,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","saka_samvat":1947,"saka_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","bengali_samvat":1432,"malayalam_era":1201,"nanakshahi_year":556,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2082 Kālayukta · Śaka 1947 Viśvāvasu"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 20, 2025 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 20, 2025 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:19, sūryāsta 17:17.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-01-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-01-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-01-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-01-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2025-01-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T00:30:03.920Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T00:30:03.920Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T00:30:03.920Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}