{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2024-04-15:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2024-04-15","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2024-04-15","date_display":"April 15, 2024 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":4,"day":15,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460415.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871950.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":1.4512,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":80.4558,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":79.0046,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.0046},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":80.4558,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.4558},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":81.907},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":13,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2024,"month":4,"day":15,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460415.770833,"ahargana":1871950.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1923,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":1.3789820000000077,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":82.69118200000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4854},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":323.397282,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":355.884582,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":26.282381999999984,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":347.702782,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":321.017282,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":355.0662,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":175.0662,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2024,"month":4,"day":15,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460415.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871950.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":1.4512,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":80.4558,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":79.0046,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.0046},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":80.4558,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.4558},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":81.907},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":13,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.485,"elongation":79.005},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.485,"opposition_distance":100.995}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":9,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-1.28,"opposition_distance":0.923}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:17","sunsetLocal":"17:57","solarNoonLocal":"11:37","dayLengthHours":12.677032373292056,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 40 Mins 37 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 19 Mins 23 Secs","moonriseLocal":"10:20","moonsetLocal":"23:45","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:52","end":"08:27","startHours":6.865874927645597,"endHours":8.450503974307104,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:02","end":"11:37","startHours":10.03513302096861,"endHours":11.619762067630116,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:12","end":"14:47","startHours":13.204391114291624,"endHours":14.78902016095313,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:14","end":"08:40","startHours":8.239220101418901,"endHours":8.661787847195304,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:49","end":"06:09","startHours":5.809455563204592,"endHours":6.147509759825714,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:12","end":"12:03","startHours":11.197194321853717,"endHours":12.04232981340652,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:35","end":"04:26","startHours":3.590974897878482,"endHours":4.436110389431286,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:13","end":"05:17","startHours":4.224826516543085,"endHours":5.281245880984089,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:44","end":"14:35","startHours":13.732600796512125,"endHours":14.577736288064928,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:45","end":"18:09","startHours":17.758278254276146,"endHours":18.158278254276144,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:57","end":"18:29","startHours":17.958278254276145,"endHours":18.486487936496648,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:42","end":"19:27","startHours":17.708278254276145,"endHours":19.458278254276145,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:12","end":"00:03","startHours":23.19719432185372,"endHours":24.04232981340652,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:17","end":"06:52","startHours":5.281245880984089,"endHours":6.865874927645597,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:52","end":"08:27","startHours":6.865874927645597,"endHours":8.450503974307104,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:27","end":"10:02","startHours":8.450503974307104,"endHours":10.03513302096861,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:02","end":"11:37","startHours":10.03513302096861,"endHours":11.619762067630116,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:37","end":"13:12","startHours":11.619762067630116,"endHours":13.204391114291624,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:12","end":"14:47","startHours":13.204391114291624,"endHours":14.78902016095313,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:47","end":"16:22","startHours":14.78902016095313,"endHours":16.37364920761464,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:22","end":"17:57","startHours":16.37364920761464,"endHours":17.958278254276145,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:57","end":"19:22","startHours":17.958278254276145,"endHours":19.373649207614637,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:22","end":"20:47","startHours":19.373649207614637,"endHours":20.789020160953132,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:47","end":"22:12","startHours":20.789020160953132,"endHours":22.204391114291624,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:12","end":"23:37","startHours":22.204391114291624,"endHours":23.619762067630116,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:37","end":"01:02","startHours":23.619762067630116,"endHours":25.03513302096861,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:02","end":"02:27","startHours":25.03513302096861,"endHours":26.450503974307104,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:27","end":"03:52","startHours":26.450503974307104,"endHours":27.865874927645596,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:52","end":"05:17","startHours":27.865874927645596,"endHours":29.281245880984088,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":5.281245880984089,"endHours":6.281245880984089,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.281245880984089,"endHours":7.281245880984089,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.281245880984089,"endHours":8.28124588098409,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.28124588098409,"endHours":9.28124588098409,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.28124588098409,"endHours":10.28124588098409,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.28124588098409,"endHours":11.28124588098409,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.28124588098409,"endHours":12.28124588098409,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.28124588098409,"endHours":13.28124588098409,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.28124588098409,"endHours":14.28124588098409,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.28124588098409,"endHours":15.28124588098409,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.28124588098409,"endHours":16.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.281245880984088,"endHours":17.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.281245880984088,"endHours":18.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.281245880984088,"endHours":19.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.281245880984088,"endHours":20.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.281245880984088,"endHours":21.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.281245880984088,"endHours":22.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.281245880984088,"endHours":23.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.281245880984088,"endHours":24.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.281245880984088,"endHours":25.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.281245880984088,"endHours":26.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.281245880984088,"endHours":27.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.281245880984088,"endHours":28.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.281245880984088,"endHours":29.281245880984088,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":9.885205325808153,"eotMinutes":-0.240124057807095,"ayanamsa":24.1923}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2081,"vikram_samvatsara":"Piṅgala","saka_samvat":1946,"saka_samvatsara":"Krodhi","bengali_samvat":1431,"malayalam_era":1200,"nanakshahi_year":555,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2081 Piṅgala · Śaka 1946 Krodhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2},{"id":"ganga-saptami","name":"Gaṅgā Saptamī","name_sanskrit":"गङ्गा सप्तमी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Devī Gaṅgā","significance":"Gaṅgā Devī's descent to Brahma-loka before her earth-descent.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":7,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Vaiśākha"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 15, 2024 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 15, 2024 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 05:17, sūryāsta 17:57.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2024-04-15","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2024-04-15","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2024-04-15","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2024-04-15","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2024-04-15"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:04:27.793Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:04:27.793Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:04:27.793Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}