{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2023-08-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-08-01","date_display":"August 1, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":8,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460157.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871692.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.8021,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":273.2605,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":169.4585,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.4585},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":273.2605,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.5939},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":17.0626},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":8,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460157.770833,"ahargana":1871692.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1824,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":104.39153900000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":273.89753900000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4794},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":138.75313900000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":129.790839,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":19.525439000000006,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":122.435339,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":311.6030390000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":8.7363,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":188.7363,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":8,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460157.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871692.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":103.8021,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":273.2605,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":169.4585,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.4585},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":273.2605,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.5939},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":17.0626},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.479,"elongation":169.458},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.479,"opposition_distance":10.542}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:08","sunsetLocal":"18:18","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.1713309427524,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 10 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 49 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:34","moonsetLocal":"04:28","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:01","end":"16:39","startHours":15.008887233466604,"endHours":16.655303601310653,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.423221762090403,"endHours":10.069638129934454,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.716054497778504,"endHours":13.362470865622553,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:12","end":"08:39","startHours":8.203699579711197,"endHours":8.642743944469611,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:41","end":"06:02","startHours":5.67919448235032,"endHours":6.030429974157051,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:09","startHours":11.277010133020092,"endHours":12.155098862536917,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:22","end":"04:15","startHours":3.37421156736865,"endHours":4.252300296885477,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:02","end":"05:08","startHours":4.03277811450627,"endHours":5.1303890264023035,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:47","startHours":13.91127632157057,"endHours":14.789365051087398,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:06","end":"18:30","startHours":18.101719969154704,"endHours":18.501719969154703,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:18","end":"18:51","startHours":18.301719969154703,"endHours":18.85052542510272,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:03","end":"19:48","startHours":18.051719969154703,"endHours":19.801719969154703,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:09","startHours":23.27701013302009,"endHours":24.155098862536917,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:08","end":"06:47","startHours":5.1303890264023035,"endHours":6.776805394246353,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:47","end":"08:25","startHours":6.776805394246353,"endHours":8.423221762090403,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.423221762090403,"endHours":10.069638129934454,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.069638129934454,"endHours":11.716054497778504,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.716054497778504,"endHours":13.362470865622553,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:22","end":"15:01","startHours":13.362470865622553,"endHours":15.008887233466604,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:01","end":"16:39","startHours":15.008887233466604,"endHours":16.655303601310653,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:39","end":"18:18","startHours":16.655303601310653,"endHours":18.301719969154703,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:18","end":"19:39","startHours":18.301719969154703,"endHours":19.655303601310653,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:39","end":"21:01","startHours":19.655303601310653,"endHours":21.008887233466602,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:01","end":"22:22","startHours":21.008887233466602,"endHours":22.362470865622555,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:22","end":"23:43","startHours":22.362470865622555,"endHours":23.716054497778504,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:43","end":"01:04","startHours":23.716054497778504,"endHours":25.069638129934454,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:04","end":"02:25","startHours":25.069638129934454,"endHours":26.423221762090403,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:25","end":"03:47","startHours":26.423221762090403,"endHours":27.776805394246352,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:47","end":"05:08","startHours":27.776805394246352,"endHours":29.130389026402305,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:08","end":"06:08","startHours":5.1303890264023035,"endHours":6.1303890264023035,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:08","end":"07:08","startHours":6.1303890264023035,"endHours":7.1303890264023035,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:08","end":"08:08","startHours":7.1303890264023035,"endHours":8.130389026402304,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:08","end":"09:08","startHours":8.130389026402304,"endHours":9.130389026402304,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:08","end":"10:08","startHours":9.130389026402304,"endHours":10.130389026402304,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:08","end":"11:08","startHours":10.130389026402304,"endHours":11.130389026402304,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:08","end":"12:08","startHours":11.130389026402304,"endHours":12.130389026402304,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:08","end":"13:08","startHours":12.130389026402304,"endHours":13.130389026402304,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:08","end":"14:08","startHours":13.130389026402304,"endHours":14.130389026402304,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:08","end":"15:08","startHours":14.130389026402304,"endHours":15.130389026402304,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:08","end":"16:08","startHours":15.130389026402304,"endHours":16.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:08","end":"17:08","startHours":16.130389026402305,"endHours":17.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:08","end":"18:08","startHours":17.130389026402305,"endHours":18.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:08","end":"19:08","startHours":18.130389026402305,"endHours":19.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:08","end":"20:08","startHours":19.130389026402305,"endHours":20.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:08","end":"21:08","startHours":20.130389026402305,"endHours":21.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:08","end":"22:08","startHours":21.130389026402305,"endHours":22.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:08","end":"23:08","startHours":22.130389026402305,"endHours":23.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:08","end":"00:08","startHours":23.130389026402305,"endHours":24.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:08","end":"01:08","startHours":24.130389026402305,"endHours":25.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:08","end":"02:08","startHours":25.130389026402305,"endHours":26.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:08","end":"03:08","startHours":26.130389026402305,"endHours":27.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:08","end":"04:08","startHours":27.130389026402305,"endHours":28.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:08","end":"05:08","startHours":28.130389026402305,"endHours":29.130389026402305,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Ānanda","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.11642454930784,"eotMinutes":-6.017669866710306,"ayanamsa":24.1824}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"raksha-bandhana","name":"Rakṣā Bandhana / Śrāvaṇa Pūrṇimā","name_sanskrit":"रक्षा बन्धन","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sister-brother bond; Brāhmaṇa Upākarma.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"jhulan-purnima","name":"Jhūlan Pūrṇimā (Rādhā-Krishna swing)","name_sanskrit":"झूलन पूर्णिमा","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Rādhā-Krishna","significance":"Rādhā-Krishna swing-līlā festival; Jhūlan-yātrā culmination.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":3},{"id":"upakarman-rigveda","name":"Ṛg-Veda Upākarman","name_sanskrit":"ऋग्वेद उपाकर्मन्","tradition":"Smarta","associated_deity":"Ṛṣi-paramparā","significance":"Annual renewal of Veda-svādhyāya for Ṛg-Vedīs. Śrāvaṇa Pūrṇimā.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":3},{"id":"upakarman-yajurveda","name":"Yajur-Veda Upākarman","name_sanskrit":"यजुर्वेद उपाकर्मन्","tradition":"Smarta","significance":"Annual renewal of Veda-svādhyāya for Yajur-Vedīs.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":3},{"id":"hayagriva-jayanti","name":"Hayagrīva Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"हयग्रीव जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Hayagrīva (Knowledge-form of Bhagavān)","significance":"Bhagavān as Hayagrīva restored the Vedas to Brahmā. Vidyā-pradāyaka.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":4,"sources":["Devī-Bhāgavata, Hayagrīva-stotra"]}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 1, 2023 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 1, 2023 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 05:08, sūryāsta 18:18.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-08-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:12:15.165Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:12:15.165Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:12:15.165Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}