{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2023-05-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-05-16","date_display":"May 16, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460080.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871615.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":30.6929,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":346.2094,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":315.5164,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.5164},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":346.2094,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.876},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":16.9023},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460080.770833,"ahargana":1871615.2708,"kali_year":5125,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1795,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":30.767180999999994,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":345.683581,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.0137},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":92.88508100000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":11.333181000000025,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":5.692480999999987,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":74.68828100000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":312.24398099999996,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":12.8161,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":192.8161,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":5,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2460080.770833,"kali_year":5125,"ahargana":1871615.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":30.6929,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":346.2094,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":315.5164,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.5164},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":346.2094,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.876},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":16.9023},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.014,"elongation":44.484},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.014,"opposition_distance":135.516}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-10,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.836,"opposition_distance":2.976}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"04:56","sunsetLocal":"18:10","solarNoonLocal":"11:33","dayLengthHours":13.227320417977705,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 38 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 22 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:24","moonsetLocal":"14:42","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:52","end":"16:31","startHours":14.860202521847967,"endHours":16.51361757409518,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:15","end":"09:54","startHours":8.246542312859114,"endHours":9.899957365106328,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:33","end":"13:12","startHours":11.55337241735354,"endHours":13.206787469600755,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:02","end":"08:28","startHours":8.026086972559487,"endHours":8.466997653158742,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:29","end":"05:51","startHours":5.49085055911376,"endHours":5.843579103593165,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:07","end":"12:00","startHours":11.112461736754284,"endHours":11.994283097952799,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:11","end":"04:03","startHours":3.176069485967661,"endHours":4.057890847166175,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:50","end":"04:56","startHours":3.837435506866546,"endHours":4.939712208364688,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:45","end":"14:38","startHours":13.757925820349826,"endHours":14.639747181548339,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:58","end":"18:22","startHours":17.967032626342395,"endHours":18.367032626342393,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:10","end":"18:43","startHours":18.167032626342394,"endHours":18.718170977091464,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:55","end":"19:40","startHours":17.917032626342394,"endHours":19.667032626342394,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:07","end":"00:00","startHours":23.112461736754288,"endHours":23.9942830979528,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"04:56","end":"06:36","startHours":4.939712208364688,"endHours":6.593127260611901,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:36","end":"08:15","startHours":6.593127260611901,"endHours":8.246542312859114,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:15","end":"09:54","startHours":8.246542312859114,"endHours":9.899957365106328,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:54","end":"11:33","startHours":9.899957365106328,"endHours":11.55337241735354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:33","end":"13:12","startHours":11.55337241735354,"endHours":13.206787469600755,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:12","end":"14:52","startHours":13.206787469600755,"endHours":14.860202521847967,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:52","end":"16:31","startHours":14.860202521847967,"endHours":16.51361757409518,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:31","end":"18:10","startHours":16.51361757409518,"endHours":18.167032626342394,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:10","end":"19:31","startHours":18.167032626342394,"endHours":19.513617574095182,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:31","end":"20:52","startHours":19.513617574095182,"endHours":20.860202521847967,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:52","end":"22:12","startHours":20.860202521847967,"endHours":22.206787469600755,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:12","end":"23:33","startHours":22.206787469600755,"endHours":23.553372417353543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:33","end":"00:54","startHours":23.553372417353543,"endHours":24.899957365106328,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:54","end":"02:15","startHours":24.899957365106328,"endHours":26.246542312859116,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:15","end":"03:36","startHours":26.246542312859116,"endHours":27.5931272606119,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:36","end":"04:56","startHours":27.5931272606119,"endHours":28.93971220836469,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:56","end":"05:56","startHours":4.939712208364688,"endHours":5.939712208364688,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:56","end":"06:56","startHours":5.939712208364688,"endHours":6.939712208364688,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:56","end":"07:56","startHours":6.939712208364688,"endHours":7.939712208364688,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:56","end":"08:56","startHours":7.939712208364688,"endHours":8.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:56","end":"09:56","startHours":8.93971220836469,"endHours":9.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:56","end":"10:56","startHours":9.93971220836469,"endHours":10.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:56","end":"11:56","startHours":10.93971220836469,"endHours":11.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:56","end":"12:56","startHours":11.93971220836469,"endHours":12.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:56","end":"13:56","startHours":12.93971220836469,"endHours":13.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:56","end":"14:56","startHours":13.93971220836469,"endHours":14.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:56","end":"15:56","startHours":14.93971220836469,"endHours":15.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:56","end":"16:56","startHours":15.93971220836469,"endHours":16.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:56","end":"17:56","startHours":16.93971220836469,"endHours":17.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:56","end":"18:56","startHours":17.93971220836469,"endHours":18.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:56","end":"19:56","startHours":18.93971220836469,"endHours":19.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:56","end":"20:56","startHours":19.93971220836469,"endHours":20.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:56","end":"21:56","startHours":20.93971220836469,"endHours":21.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:56","end":"22:56","startHours":21.93971220836469,"endHours":22.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:56","end":"23:56","startHours":22.93971220836469,"endHours":23.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:56","end":"00:56","startHours":23.93971220836469,"endHours":24.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:56","end":"01:56","startHours":24.93971220836469,"endHours":25.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:56","end":"02:56","startHours":25.93971220836469,"endHours":26.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:56","end":"03:56","startHours":26.93971220836469,"endHours":27.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:56","end":"04:56","startHours":27.93971220836469,"endHours":28.93971220836469,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.001379634230517,"eotMinutes":3.743254958787478,"ayanamsa":24.1795}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛṣabha (Vaikāsi)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Jyeṣṭha Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrishabha-sankranti","name":"Vṛṣabha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृषभ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Taurus.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛṣabha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga May 16, 2023 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"May 16, 2023 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 04:56, sūryāsta 18:10.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-05-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:38:07.532Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T15:38:07.532Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T15:38:07.532Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}