{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2023-01-29:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-01-29","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2023-01-29","date_display":"January 29, 2023 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459973.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871508.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.6185,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":16.1069,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":91.4884,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4884},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":16.1069,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.7736},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":300.7254},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459973.770833,"ahargana":1871508.2708,"kali_year":5124,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1754,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.679569,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":19.291768999999988,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.1866},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":45.229468999999995,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":259.364469,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":341.34776899999997,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":307.934569,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":301.4068689999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":18.4855,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":198.4855,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2023,"month":1,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2459973.770833,"kali_year":5124,"ahargana":1871508.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":284.6185,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":16.1069,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":8,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":91.4884,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.4884},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":16.1069,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.7736},"yoga":{"number":23,"name":"Śubha","sum_longitude":300.7254},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":15,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.187,"elongation":91.488},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.187,"opposition_distance":88.512}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:17","sunsetLocal":"17:23","solarNoonLocal":"11:50","dayLengthHours":11.088699002863951,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 05 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 54 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"11:39","moonsetLocal":"00:38","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:00","end":"17:23","startHours":15.993557492285888,"endHours":17.37964486764388,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:50","end":"13:13","startHours":11.835295366211906,"endHours":13.221382741569897,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:36","end":"16:00","startHours":14.607470116927892,"endHours":15.993557492285888,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:15","startHours":8.878308965448184,"endHours":9.24793226554365,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:03","startHours":6.75297498989926,"endHours":7.0486736299756325,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:12","startHours":11.465672066116438,"endHours":12.20491866630737,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:49","end":"05:33","startHours":4.812452664398069,"endHours":5.551699264588999,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:22","end":"06:17","startHours":5.366887614541267,"endHours":6.290945864779929,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:41","end":"14:25","startHours":13.68341186668923,"endHours":14.42265846688016,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:11","end":"17:35","startHours":17.17964486764388,"endHours":17.57964486764388,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:23","end":"17:51","startHours":17.37964486764388,"endHours":17.841673992763212,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:08","end":"18:53","startHours":17.12964486764388,"endHours":18.87964486764388,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:12","startHours":23.465672066116436,"endHours":24.204918666307368,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:17","end":"07:41","startHours":6.290945864779929,"endHours":7.6770332401379235,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:41","end":"09:04","startHours":7.6770332401379235,"endHours":9.063120615495917,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:04","end":"10:27","startHours":9.063120615495917,"endHours":10.44920799085391,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:27","end":"11:50","startHours":10.44920799085391,"endHours":11.835295366211906,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:50","end":"13:13","startHours":11.835295366211906,"endHours":13.221382741569897,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:13","end":"14:36","startHours":13.221382741569897,"endHours":14.607470116927892,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:36","end":"16:00","startHours":14.607470116927892,"endHours":15.993557492285888,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:00","end":"17:23","startHours":15.993557492285888,"endHours":17.37964486764388,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:23","end":"19:00","startHours":17.37964486764388,"endHours":18.993557492285884,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:00","end":"20:36","startHours":18.993557492285884,"endHours":20.607470116927892,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:36","end":"22:13","startHours":20.607470116927892,"endHours":22.221382741569897,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:13","end":"23:50","startHours":22.221382741569897,"endHours":23.835295366211902,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:50","end":"01:27","startHours":23.835295366211902,"endHours":25.44920799085391,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:27","end":"03:04","startHours":25.44920799085391,"endHours":27.063120615495915,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:04","end":"04:41","startHours":27.063120615495915,"endHours":28.677033240137924,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:41","end":"06:17","startHours":28.677033240137924,"endHours":30.29094586477993,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.290945864779929,"endHours":7.290945864779929,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.290945864779929,"endHours":8.290945864779928,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.290945864779928,"endHours":9.290945864779928,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.290945864779928,"endHours":10.290945864779928,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.290945864779928,"endHours":11.290945864779928,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.290945864779928,"endHours":12.290945864779928,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.290945864779928,"endHours":13.290945864779928,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.290945864779928,"endHours":14.290945864779928,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.290945864779928,"endHours":15.290945864779928,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.290945864779928,"endHours":16.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.29094586477993,"endHours":17.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.29094586477993,"endHours":18.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.29094586477993,"endHours":19.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.29094586477993,"endHours":20.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.29094586477993,"endHours":21.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.29094586477993,"endHours":22.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.29094586477993,"endHours":23.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.29094586477993,"endHours":24.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.29094586477993,"endHours":25.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.29094586477993,"endHours":26.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.29094586477993,"endHours":27.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.29094586477993,"endHours":28.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.29094586477993,"endHours":29.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.29094586477993,"endHours":30.29094586477993,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāladaṇḍa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-18.042885341218394,"eotMinutes":-13.172121972714217,"ayanamsa":24.1754}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2080,"vikram_samvatsara":"Nala","saka_samvat":1945,"saka_samvatsara":"Śobhana","bengali_samvat":1430,"malayalam_era":1199,"nanakshahi_year":554,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2080 Nala · Śaka 1945 Śobhana"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"bhishma-ashtami","name":"Bhīṣmāṣṭamī","name_sanskrit":"भीष्माष्टमी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Bhīṣma Pitāmaha","significance":"Bhīṣma's mahaprasthāna anniversary (Māgha Śukla 8); Bhīṣma-tarpaṇa.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":8,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Māgha"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Mahābhārata, Anuśāsana Parva"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Śukla Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 29, 2023 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 29, 2023 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:17, sūryāsta 17:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-01-29","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-01-29","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-01-29","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-01-29","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2023-01-29"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:10:43.588Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T17:10:43.588Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T17:10:43.588Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}