{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2019-07-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2019-07-30","date_display":"July 30, 2019 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458694.770833,"kali_year":5121,"ahargana":1870229.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.9349,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":73.741,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":331.8062,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.8062},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":73.741,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.0743},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":175.6759},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":55,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2019,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458694.770833,"ahargana":1870229.2708,"kali_year":5121,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1265,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":102.502837,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":73.82813699999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.9739},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":113.43913699999996,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":89.65663699999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":230.62313700000004,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":98.047237,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":261.57453699999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":86.2531,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":266.2531,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":7,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458694.770833,"kali_year":5121,"ahargana":1870229.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.9349,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":73.741,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":331.8062,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.8062},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":73.741,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.0743},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":175.6759},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":55,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.974,"elongation":28.194},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.974,"opposition_distance":151.806}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":2,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.201,"elongation":2.188}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:07","sunsetLocal":"18:19","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.202706181561888,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 12 Mins 10 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 47 Mins 50 Secs","moonriseLocal":"03:04","moonsetLocal":"16:32","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:01","end":"16:40","startHours":15.018347974003477,"endHours":16.668686246698712,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.416994883222532,"endHours":10.067333155917769,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.717671428613006,"endHours":13.36800970130824,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:12","end":"08:38","startHours":8.196949780196501,"endHours":8.637039986248563,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:40","end":"06:01","startHours":5.666431095397139,"endHours":6.01850326023879,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:09","startHours":11.277581222560942,"endHours":12.157761634665066,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:21","end":"04:14","startHours":3.355957513623809,"endHours":4.236137925727935,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:01","end":"05:07","startHours":4.0160928227019035,"endHours":5.116318337832061,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:48","startHours":13.91812245887332,"endHours":14.798302870977446,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:07","end":"18:31","startHours":18.11902451939395,"endHours":18.51902451939395,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:19","end":"18:52","startHours":18.31902451939395,"endHours":18.869137276959027,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:04","end":"19:49","startHours":18.06902451939395,"endHours":19.81902451939395,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:09","startHours":23.27758122256094,"endHours":24.157761634665064,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:07","end":"06:46","startHours":5.116318337832061,"endHours":6.7666566105272965,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:46","end":"08:25","startHours":6.7666566105272965,"endHours":8.416994883222532,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.416994883222532,"endHours":10.067333155917769,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.067333155917769,"endHours":11.717671428613006,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.717671428613006,"endHours":13.36800970130824,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:22","end":"15:01","startHours":13.36800970130824,"endHours":15.018347974003477,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:01","end":"16:40","startHours":15.018347974003477,"endHours":16.668686246698712,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:40","end":"18:19","startHours":16.668686246698712,"endHours":18.31902451939395,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:19","end":"19:40","startHours":18.31902451939395,"endHours":19.668686246698712,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:40","end":"21:01","startHours":19.668686246698712,"endHours":21.018347974003476,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:01","end":"22:22","startHours":21.018347974003476,"endHours":22.36800970130824,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:22","end":"23:43","startHours":22.36800970130824,"endHours":23.717671428613006,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:43","end":"01:04","startHours":23.717671428613006,"endHours":25.06733315591777,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:04","end":"02:25","startHours":25.06733315591777,"endHours":26.416994883222532,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:25","end":"03:46","startHours":26.416994883222532,"endHours":27.7666566105273,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:46","end":"05:07","startHours":27.7666566105273,"endHours":29.116318337832062,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:07","end":"06:07","startHours":5.116318337832061,"endHours":6.116318337832061,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":6.116318337832061,"endHours":7.116318337832061,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:07","end":"08:07","startHours":7.116318337832061,"endHours":8.11631833783206,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:07","end":"09:07","startHours":8.11631833783206,"endHours":9.11631833783206,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:07","end":"10:07","startHours":9.11631833783206,"endHours":10.11631833783206,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:07","end":"11:07","startHours":10.11631833783206,"endHours":11.11631833783206,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:07","end":"12:07","startHours":11.11631833783206,"endHours":12.11631833783206,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:07","end":"13:07","startHours":12.11631833783206,"endHours":13.11631833783206,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:07","end":"14:07","startHours":13.11631833783206,"endHours":14.11631833783206,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:07","end":"15:07","startHours":14.11631833783206,"endHours":15.11631833783206,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:07","end":"16:07","startHours":15.11631833783206,"endHours":16.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:07","end":"17:07","startHours":16.116318337832062,"endHours":17.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:07","end":"18:07","startHours":17.116318337832062,"endHours":18.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:07","end":"19:07","startHours":18.116318337832062,"endHours":19.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:07","end":"20:07","startHours":19.116318337832062,"endHours":20.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:07","end":"21:07","startHours":20.116318337832062,"endHours":21.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:07","end":"22:07","startHours":21.116318337832062,"endHours":22.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:07","end":"23:07","startHours":22.116318337832062,"endHours":23.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:07","end":"00:07","startHours":23.116318337832062,"endHours":24.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:07","end":"01:07","startHours":24.116318337832062,"endHours":25.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:07","end":"02:07","startHours":25.116318337832062,"endHours":26.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:07","end":"03:07","startHours":26.116318337832062,"endHours":27.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:07","end":"04:07","startHours":27.116318337832062,"endHours":28.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:07","end":"05:07","startHours":28.116318337832062,"endHours":29.116318337832062,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.613650794883203,"eotMinutes":-6.1146857167802535,"ayanamsa":24.1265}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2076,"vikram_samvatsara":"Paridhāvi","saka_samvat":1941,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikāri","bengali_samvat":1426,"malayalam_era":1195,"nanakshahi_year":550,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2076 Paridhāvi · Śaka 1941 Vikāri"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 30, 2019 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 30, 2019 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:07, sūryāsta 18:19.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:52:00.770Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-14T23:52:00.770Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-14T23:52:00.770Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}