{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2019-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2019-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2019 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458692.770833,"kali_year":5121,"ahargana":1870227.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.0354,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":47.3092,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":307.2738,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.2738},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":47.3092,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.3092},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":147.3447},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2019,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458692.770833,"ahargana":1870227.2708,"kali_year":5121,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1264,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.591113,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":46.139813000000004,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.8332},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":112.17141300000003,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":90.25341300000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":230.70571300000006,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":95.58521300000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":261.708213,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":86.359,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":266.359,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458692.770833,"kali_year":5121,"ahargana":1870227.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.0354,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":47.3092,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":307.2738,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.2738},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":47.3092,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.3092},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":147.3447},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.833,"elongation":52.726},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.833,"opposition_distance":127.274}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":4,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.201,"elongation":2.188}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:06","sunsetLocal":"18:20","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.23246724028138,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 57 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 03 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:24","moonsetLocal":"14:47","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:41","end":"18:20","startHours":16.68077442637887,"endHours":18.334832831414044,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.718599211273354,"endHours":13.372657616308526,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"15:02","end":"16:41","startHours":15.026716021343699,"endHours":16.68077442637887,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:11","end":"08:38","startHours":8.189941280531652,"endHours":8.631023521874365,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:39","end":"06:00","startHours":5.6537183928110535,"endHours":6.006584185885224,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:10","startHours":11.277516969930641,"endHours":12.159681452616066,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:20","end":"04:13","startHours":3.338036625761812,"endHours":4.220201108447237,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:00","end":"05:06","startHours":3.999659987775881,"endHours":5.102365591132663,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:48","startHours":13.924010417986917,"endHours":14.806174900672342,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:08","end":"18:32","startHours":18.134832831414045,"endHours":18.534832831414043,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:20","end":"18:53","startHours":18.334832831414044,"endHours":18.886185633092435,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:05","end":"19:50","startHours":18.084832831414044,"endHours":19.834832831414044,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:10","startHours":23.27751696993064,"endHours":24.159681452616066,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:06","end":"06:45","startHours":5.102365591132663,"endHours":6.756423996167835,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"06:45","end":"08:25","startHours":6.756423996167835,"endHours":8.410482401203009,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.410482401203009,"endHours":10.064540806238181,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.064540806238181,"endHours":11.718599211273354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.718599211273354,"endHours":13.372657616308526,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:22","end":"15:02","startHours":13.372657616308526,"endHours":15.026716021343699,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:02","end":"16:41","startHours":15.026716021343699,"endHours":16.68077442637887,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:41","end":"18:20","startHours":16.68077442637887,"endHours":18.334832831414044,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:20","end":"19:41","startHours":18.334832831414044,"endHours":19.68077442637887,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:41","end":"21:02","startHours":19.68077442637887,"endHours":21.0267160213437,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:02","end":"22:22","startHours":21.0267160213437,"endHours":22.372657616308526,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:22","end":"23:43","startHours":22.372657616308526,"endHours":23.718599211273354,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:43","end":"01:04","startHours":23.718599211273354,"endHours":25.06454080623818,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:04","end":"02:25","startHours":25.06454080623818,"endHours":26.41048240120301,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:25","end":"03:45","startHours":26.41048240120301,"endHours":27.756423996167836,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:45","end":"05:06","startHours":27.756423996167836,"endHours":29.102365591132664,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":5.102365591132663,"endHours":6.102365591132663,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":6.102365591132663,"endHours":7.102365591132663,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.102365591132663,"endHours":8.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.102365591132664,"endHours":9.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.102365591132664,"endHours":10.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.102365591132664,"endHours":11.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.102365591132664,"endHours":12.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.102365591132664,"endHours":13.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.102365591132664,"endHours":14.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.102365591132664,"endHours":15.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.102365591132664,"endHours":16.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.102365591132664,"endHours":17.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.102365591132664,"endHours":18.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.102365591132664,"endHours":19.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.102365591132664,"endHours":20.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.102365591132664,"endHours":21.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.102365591132664,"endHours":22.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.102365591132664,"endHours":23.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.102365591132664,"endHours":24.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.102365591132664,"endHours":25.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.102365591132664,"endHours":26.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.102365591132664,"endHours":27.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.102365591132664,"endHours":28.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.102365591132664,"endHours":29.102365591132664,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.08218985414027,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.1264}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2076,"vikram_samvatsara":"Paridhāvi","saka_samvat":1941,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikāri","bengali_samvat":1426,"malayalam_era":1195,"nanakshahi_year":550,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2076 Paridhāvi · Śaka 1941 Vikāri"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"aja-ekadashi","name":"Ajā Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"अजा एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"King Hariścandra observed this; restored him to throne and family.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":26,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2019 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2019 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 05:06, sūryāsta 18:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T01:40:00.384Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T01:40:00.384Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T01:40:00.384Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}