{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2019-01-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-01-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2019-01-28","date_display":"January 28, 2019 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458511.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1870046.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.6311,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":192.1332,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":268.5021,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.5021},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":192.1332,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.4665},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":115.7642},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2019,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458511.770833,"ahargana":1870046.2708,"kali_year":5120,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1195,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.689128,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.62602800000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4738},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":353.829228,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":282.03402800000003,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":232.91992800000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":237.76232800000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":260.30242799999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":95.9493,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":275.9493,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2019,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458511.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1870046.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.6311,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":192.1332,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":268.5021,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.5021},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":192.1332,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.4665},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":115.7642},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.474,"elongation":91.498},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.474,"opposition_distance":88.502}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:18","sunsetLocal":"17:22","solarNoonLocal":"11:50","dayLengthHours":11.072075566774233,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 04 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 55 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:20","moonsetLocal":"11:35","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:04","startHours":7.679975529707425,"endHours":9.063984975554204,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:27","end":"11:50","startHours":10.447994421400985,"endHours":11.832003867247764,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:13","end":"14:36","startHours":13.216013313094543,"endHours":14.600022758941321,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:15","startHours":8.879450382774634,"endHours":9.248519568333775,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:03","startHours":6.757302565809573,"endHours":7.0525579142568855,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:12","startHours":11.462934681688623,"endHours":12.201073052806905,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:49","end":"05:33","startHours":4.819689341624082,"endHours":5.557827712742364,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:22","end":"06:18","startHours":5.373293119962794,"endHours":6.295966083860646,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:41","end":"14:25","startHours":13.677349795043469,"endHours":14.41548816616175,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:10","end":"17:34","startHours":17.16804165063488,"endHours":17.56804165063488,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:22","end":"17:50","startHours":17.36804165063488,"endHours":17.829378132583805,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:07","end":"18:52","startHours":17.11804165063488,"endHours":18.86804165063488,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:12","startHours":23.462934681688623,"endHours":24.201073052806905,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:18","end":"07:41","startHours":6.295966083860646,"endHours":7.679975529707425,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:04","startHours":7.679975529707425,"endHours":9.063984975554204,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:04","end":"10:27","startHours":9.063984975554204,"endHours":10.447994421400985,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:27","end":"11:50","startHours":10.447994421400985,"endHours":11.832003867247764,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:50","end":"13:13","startHours":11.832003867247764,"endHours":13.216013313094543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:13","end":"14:36","startHours":13.216013313094543,"endHours":14.600022758941321,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:36","end":"15:59","startHours":14.600022758941321,"endHours":15.9840322047881,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:59","end":"17:22","startHours":15.9840322047881,"endHours":17.36804165063488,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:22","end":"18:59","startHours":17.36804165063488,"endHours":18.9840322047881,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:59","end":"20:36","startHours":18.9840322047881,"endHours":20.60002275894132,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:36","end":"22:13","startHours":20.60002275894132,"endHours":22.216013313094543,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:13","end":"23:50","startHours":22.216013313094543,"endHours":23.832003867247764,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:50","end":"01:27","startHours":23.832003867247764,"endHours":25.447994421400985,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:27","end":"03:04","startHours":25.447994421400985,"endHours":27.063984975554206,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:04","end":"04:41","startHours":27.063984975554206,"endHours":28.679975529707427,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:41","end":"06:18","startHours":28.679975529707427,"endHours":30.295966083860648,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.295966083860646,"endHours":7.295966083860646,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.295966083860646,"endHours":8.295966083860646,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.295966083860646,"endHours":9.295966083860646,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.295966083860646,"endHours":10.295966083860646,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.295966083860646,"endHours":11.295966083860646,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.295966083860646,"endHours":12.295966083860646,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.295966083860646,"endHours":13.295966083860646,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.295966083860646,"endHours":14.295966083860646,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.295966083860646,"endHours":15.295966083860646,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.295966083860646,"endHours":16.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.295966083860648,"endHours":17.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.295966083860648,"endHours":18.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.295966083860648,"endHours":19.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.295966083860648,"endHours":20.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.295966083860648,"endHours":21.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.295966083860648,"endHours":22.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.295966083860648,"endHours":23.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.295966083860648,"endHours":24.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.295966083860648,"endHours":25.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.295966083860648,"endHours":26.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.295966083860648,"endHours":27.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.295966083860648,"endHours":28.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.295966083860648,"endHours":29.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.295966083860648,"endHours":30.295966083860648,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Siddhi","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-18.31455223800162,"eotMinutes":-12.974632034865841,"ayanamsa":24.1195}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2076,"vikram_samvatsara":"Paridhāvi","saka_samvat":1941,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikāri","bengali_samvat":1426,"malayalam_era":1195,"nanakshahi_year":550,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2076 Paridhāvi · Śaka 1941 Vikāri"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 28, 2019 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 28, 2019 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 06:18, sūryāsta 17:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-01-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-01-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-01-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-01-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2019-01-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T05:53:43.091Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T05:53:43.091Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T05:53:43.091Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}