{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2018-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2018-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2018 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458483.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1870018.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.8844,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":183.0443,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":288.1599,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.1599},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":183.0443,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.7109},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":77.9286},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":48,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2018,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458483.770833,"ahargana":1870018.2708,"kali_year":5120,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1184,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.17509800000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":185.653098,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4868},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":334.89289800000006,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":238.01399800000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":227.40969799999993,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":208.11159799999996,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":257.04469800000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":97.4329,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":277.4329,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458483.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1870018.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":254.8844,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":183.0443,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":288.1599,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.1599},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":183.0443,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.7109},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":77.9286},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":48,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.487,"elongation":71.84},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.487,"opposition_distance":108.16}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":6,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.158,"elongation":1.13}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:17","sunsetLocal":"17:03","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":10.768654043184588,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:19","moonsetLocal":"12:45","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.631785315869203,"endHours":8.977867071267276,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:19","end":"11:40","startHours":10.32394882666535,"endHours":11.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:01","end":"14:22","startHours":13.016112337461497,"endHours":14.36219409285957,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:48","end":"09:09","startHours":8.798389503880866,"endHours":9.157344638653687,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:01","startHours":6.7343974789371535,"endHours":7.021561586755409,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:19","end":"12:02","startHours":11.311075447290602,"endHours":12.028985716836242,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:34","startHours":4.849883021379851,"endHours":5.56779329092549,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:23","end":"06:17","startHours":5.38831572353908,"endHours":6.285703560471129,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:28","end":"14:11","startHours":13.46480625592752,"endHours":14.18271652547316,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:51","end":"17:15","startHours":16.854357603655718,"endHours":17.254357603655716,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:03","end":"17:30","startHours":17.054357603655717,"endHours":17.50305152212174,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:48","end":"18:33","startHours":16.804357603655717,"endHours":18.554357603655717,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:19","end":"00:02","startHours":23.3110754472906,"endHours":24.028985716836242,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:17","end":"07:38","startHours":6.285703560471129,"endHours":7.631785315869203,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.631785315869203,"endHours":8.977867071267276,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:59","end":"10:19","startHours":8.977867071267276,"endHours":10.32394882666535,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:19","end":"11:40","startHours":10.32394882666535,"endHours":11.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:40","end":"13:01","startHours":11.670030582063422,"endHours":13.016112337461497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:01","end":"14:22","startHours":13.016112337461497,"endHours":14.36219409285957,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:22","end":"15:42","startHours":14.36219409285957,"endHours":15.708275848257644,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:42","end":"17:03","startHours":15.708275848257644,"endHours":17.054357603655717,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:03","end":"18:42","startHours":17.054357603655717,"endHours":18.708275848257642,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:42","end":"20:22","startHours":18.708275848257642,"endHours":20.36219409285957,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:22","end":"22:01","startHours":20.36219409285957,"endHours":22.016112337461497,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:01","end":"23:40","startHours":22.016112337461497,"endHours":23.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:40","end":"01:19","startHours":23.670030582063422,"endHours":25.32394882666535,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:19","end":"02:59","startHours":25.32394882666535,"endHours":26.977867071267276,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:59","end":"04:38","startHours":26.977867071267276,"endHours":28.6317853158692,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:38","end":"06:17","startHours":28.6317853158692,"endHours":30.285703560471127,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.285703560471129,"endHours":7.285703560471129,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.285703560471129,"endHours":8.285703560471129,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.285703560471129,"endHours":9.285703560471129,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.285703560471129,"endHours":10.285703560471129,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.285703560471129,"endHours":11.285703560471129,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.285703560471129,"endHours":12.285703560471129,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.285703560471129,"endHours":13.285703560471129,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.285703560471129,"endHours":14.285703560471129,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.285703560471129,"endHours":15.285703560471129,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.285703560471129,"endHours":16.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.285703560471127,"endHours":17.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.285703560471127,"endHours":18.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.285703560471127,"endHours":19.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.285703560471127,"endHours":20.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.285703560471127,"endHours":21.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.285703560471127,"endHours":22.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.285703560471127,"endHours":23.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.285703560471127,"endHours":24.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.285703560471127,"endHours":25.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.285703560471127,"endHours":26.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.285703560471127,"endHours":27.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.285703560471127,"endHours":28.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.285703560471127,"endHours":29.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.285703560471127,"endHours":30.285703560471127,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāṇa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.110884253932294,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":24.1184}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2075,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","saka_samvat":1940,"saka_samvatsara":"Vilambī","bengali_samvat":1425,"malayalam_era":1194,"nanakshahi_year":549,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Daśamī · Vikram 2075 Virodhakṛt · Śaka 1940 Vilambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2018 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2018 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:17, sūryāsta 17:03.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T06:44:38.752Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T06:44:38.752Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T06:44:38.752Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}