{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2018-09-25:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-25","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2018-09-25","date_display":"September 25, 2018 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":9,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458386.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869921.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":157.0342,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":336.0132,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":178.9791,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9791},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":336.0132,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6799},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":133.0474},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":29,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2018,"month":9,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458386.770833,"ahargana":1869921.2708,"kali_year":5120,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1147,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":157.82160399999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":336.806504,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.6133},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":279.379404,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":160.74870399999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":206.79470400000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":194.50070400000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":248.598204,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":102.5724,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":282.5724,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":9,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458386.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869921.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":157.0342,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":336.0132,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":178.9791,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9791},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":336.0132,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6799},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":133.0474},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":29,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.613,"elongation":178.979},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.613,"opposition_distance":1.021}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:25","sunsetLocal":"17:30","solarNoonLocal":"11:28","dayLengthHours":12.077578968785142,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 04 Mins 39 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 55 Mins 21 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:21","moonsetLocal":"05:27","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:29","end":"16:00","startHours":14.482712632390585,"endHours":15.992410003488727,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:27","end":"09:57","startHours":8.443923147998014,"endHours":9.953620519096157,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:28","end":"12:58","startHours":11.4633178901943,"endHours":12.973015261292442,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:15","end":"08:39","startHours":8.242630165184929,"endHours":8.6452161308111,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:56","end":"06:15","startHours":5.927760862834443,"endHours":6.24982963533538,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:04","end":"11:52","startHours":11.06073192456813,"endHours":11.865903855820472,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:49","end":"04:37","startHours":3.814184543297043,"endHours":4.619356474549386,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:25","end":"05:25","startHours":4.4180634917363,"endHours":5.424528405801729,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:29","end":"14:17","startHours":13.476247718325157,"endHours":14.281419649577499,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:18","end":"17:42","startHours":17.30210737458687,"endHours":17.70210737458687,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:30","end":"18:00","startHours":17.50210737458687,"endHours":18.005339831619583,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:15","end":"19:00","startHours":17.25210737458687,"endHours":19.00210737458687,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:04","end":"23:52","startHours":23.060731924568127,"endHours":23.865903855820473,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:25","end":"06:56","startHours":5.424528405801729,"endHours":6.934225776899871,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:56","end":"08:27","startHours":6.934225776899871,"endHours":8.443923147998014,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:27","end":"09:57","startHours":8.443923147998014,"endHours":9.953620519096157,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:57","end":"11:28","startHours":9.953620519096157,"endHours":11.4633178901943,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:28","end":"12:58","startHours":11.4633178901943,"endHours":12.973015261292442,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"12:58","end":"14:29","startHours":12.973015261292442,"endHours":14.482712632390585,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:29","end":"16:00","startHours":14.482712632390585,"endHours":15.992410003488727,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:00","end":"17:30","startHours":15.992410003488727,"endHours":17.50210737458687,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:30","end":"19:00","startHours":17.50210737458687,"endHours":18.99241000348873,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:00","end":"20:29","startHours":18.99241000348873,"endHours":20.482712632390584,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:29","end":"21:58","startHours":20.482712632390584,"endHours":21.973015261292442,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"21:58","end":"23:28","startHours":21.973015261292442,"endHours":23.4633178901943,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:28","end":"00:57","startHours":23.4633178901943,"endHours":24.953620519096155,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:57","end":"02:27","startHours":24.953620519096155,"endHours":26.443923147998014,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:27","end":"03:56","startHours":26.443923147998014,"endHours":27.934225776899872,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:56","end":"05:25","startHours":27.934225776899872,"endHours":29.42452840580173,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:25","end":"06:25","startHours":5.424528405801729,"endHours":6.424528405801729,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:25","end":"07:25","startHours":6.424528405801729,"endHours":7.424528405801729,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:25","end":"08:25","startHours":7.424528405801729,"endHours":8.424528405801729,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:25","end":"09:25","startHours":8.424528405801729,"endHours":9.424528405801729,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:25","end":"10:25","startHours":9.424528405801729,"endHours":10.424528405801729,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:25","end":"11:25","startHours":10.424528405801729,"endHours":11.424528405801729,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:25","end":"12:25","startHours":11.424528405801729,"endHours":12.424528405801729,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:25","end":"13:25","startHours":12.424528405801729,"endHours":13.424528405801729,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:25","end":"14:25","startHours":13.424528405801729,"endHours":14.424528405801729,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:25","end":"15:25","startHours":14.424528405801729,"endHours":15.424528405801729,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:25","end":"16:25","startHours":15.424528405801729,"endHours":16.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:25","end":"17:25","startHours":16.42452840580173,"endHours":17.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:25","end":"18:25","startHours":17.42452840580173,"endHours":18.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:25","end":"19:25","startHours":18.42452840580173,"endHours":19.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:25","end":"20:25","startHours":19.42452840580173,"endHours":20.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:25","end":"21:25","startHours":20.42452840580173,"endHours":21.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:25","end":"22:25","startHours":21.42452840580173,"endHours":22.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:25","end":"23:25","startHours":22.42452840580173,"endHours":23.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:25","end":"00:25","startHours":23.42452840580173,"endHours":24.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:25","end":"01:25","startHours":24.42452840580173,"endHours":25.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:25","end":"02:25","startHours":25.42452840580173,"endHours":26.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:25","end":"03:25","startHours":26.42452840580173,"endHours":27.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:25","end":"04:25","startHours":27.42452840580173,"endHours":28.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:25","end":"05:25","startHours":28.42452840580173,"endHours":29.42452840580173,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-0.7700075486668526,"eotMinutes":9.146526588342006,"ayanamsa":24.1147}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2075,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","saka_samvat":1940,"saka_samvatsara":"Vilambī","bengali_samvat":1425,"malayalam_era":1194,"nanakshahi_year":549,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2075 Virodhakṛt · Śaka 1940 Vilambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"sharad-purnima","name":"Śarad Pūrṇimā / Kojāgarī Pūrṇimā","name_sanskrit":"शरद पूर्णिमा","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Krishna + Lakṣmī","significance":"Krishna's Mahā-rāsa with the gopīs at Vṛndāvana. Lakṣmī wakes (\"ko jāgartti?\")","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Night-long jāgaraṇa; offering of pāyasa under moonlight","detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Bhāgavata 10.29-33"]},{"id":"rasa-purnima","name":"Rāsa Pūrṇimā (Vraja Mahā-Rāsa)","name_sanskrit":"रास पूर्णिमा","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Krishna + Gopīs","significance":"Krishna's Mahā-rāsa with the gopīs at Vraja (Bhāgavata 10.29-33). Same as Śarad Pūrṇimā but emphasized in Vraja tradition.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":2},{"id":"valmiki-jayanti","name":"Mahārṣi Vālmīki Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"महर्षि वाल्मीकि जयन्ती","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Maharṣi Vālmīki (ādi-kavi)","significance":"Composer of Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa. Āśvina Pūrṇimā tradition.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":3},{"id":"kanya-sankranti","name":"Kanyā Saṅkrānti (Mahālaya begins)","name_sanskrit":"कन्या सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Virgo; Mahālaya / Pitṛ-Pakṣa solar marker.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kanyā"},"precedence":4}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 25, 2018 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 25, 2018 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 05:25, sūryāsta 17:30.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-25","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-25","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-25","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-25","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-25"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T14:48:12.386Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T14:48:12.386Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T14:48:12.386Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}