{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2018-09-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2018-09-16","date_display":"September 16, 2018 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458377.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869912.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":148.2537,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":226.6853,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":78.4316,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.4316},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":226.6853,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.0186},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":14.939},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":13,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2018,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458377.770833,"ahargana":1869912.2708,"kali_year":5120,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1143,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":149.02774799999997,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":228.59264800000005,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.7454},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":276.725648,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":144.29404799999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":205.245048,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":190.08144800000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":248.391748,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":103.0492,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":283.0492,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":9,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458377.770833,"kali_year":5120,"ahargana":1869912.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":148.2537,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":226.6853,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":7,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Saptamī","elongation_degrees":78.4316,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.4316},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":226.6853,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.0186},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":14.939},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":13,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.745,"elongation":78.432},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.745,"opposition_distance":101.568}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:23","sunsetLocal":"17:39","solarNoonLocal":"11:31","dayLengthHours":12.271655285014548,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 16 Mins 18 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 43 Mins 42 Secs","moonriseLocal":"11:26","moonsetLocal":"22:13","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:07","end":"17:39","startHours":16.119825548034974,"endHours":17.653782458661794,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:31","end":"13:03","startHours":11.517954816154521,"endHours":13.051911726781338,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:35","end":"16:07","startHours":14.585868637408158,"endHours":16.119825548034974,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:15","end":"08:39","startHours":8.245513406817308,"endHours":8.65456858298446,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:54","end":"06:13","startHours":5.893446143856186,"endHours":6.220690284789907,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:07","end":"11:56","startHours":11.108899639987369,"endHours":11.927009992321674,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:45","end":"04:34","startHours":3.74590646897864,"endHours":4.5640168213129435,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:22","end":"05:23","startHours":4.359489233229367,"endHours":5.3821271736472465,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:34","end":"14:23","startHours":13.563230696990278,"endHours":14.38134104932458,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:27","end":"17:51","startHours":17.453782458661795,"endHours":17.853782458661794,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:39","end":"18:10","startHours":17.653782458661794,"endHours":18.165101428870734,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:24","end":"19:09","startHours":17.403782458661794,"endHours":19.153782458661794,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:07","end":"23:56","startHours":23.10889963998737,"endHours":23.927009992321672,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:23","end":"06:55","startHours":5.3821271736472465,"endHours":6.916084084274065,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"06:55","end":"08:27","startHours":6.916084084274065,"endHours":8.450040994900883,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:27","end":"09:59","startHours":8.450040994900883,"endHours":9.983997905527701,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:59","end":"11:31","startHours":9.983997905527701,"endHours":11.517954816154521,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:31","end":"13:03","startHours":11.517954816154521,"endHours":13.051911726781338,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:03","end":"14:35","startHours":13.051911726781338,"endHours":14.585868637408158,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:35","end":"16:07","startHours":14.585868637408158,"endHours":16.119825548034974,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:07","end":"17:39","startHours":16.119825548034974,"endHours":17.653782458661794,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:39","end":"19:07","startHours":17.653782458661794,"endHours":19.119825548034974,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:07","end":"20:35","startHours":19.119825548034974,"endHours":20.585868637408158,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:35","end":"22:03","startHours":20.585868637408158,"endHours":22.051911726781338,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:03","end":"23:31","startHours":22.051911726781338,"endHours":23.51795481615452,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:31","end":"00:59","startHours":23.51795481615452,"endHours":24.9839979055277,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:59","end":"02:27","startHours":24.9839979055277,"endHours":26.45004099490088,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:27","end":"03:55","startHours":26.45004099490088,"endHours":27.916084084274065,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:55","end":"05:23","startHours":27.916084084274065,"endHours":29.38212717364725,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:23","end":"06:23","startHours":5.3821271736472465,"endHours":6.3821271736472465,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:23","end":"07:23","startHours":6.3821271736472465,"endHours":7.3821271736472465,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:23","end":"08:23","startHours":7.3821271736472465,"endHours":8.382127173647246,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:23","end":"09:23","startHours":8.382127173647246,"endHours":9.382127173647246,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:23","end":"10:23","startHours":9.382127173647246,"endHours":10.382127173647246,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:23","end":"11:23","startHours":10.382127173647246,"endHours":11.382127173647246,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:23","end":"12:23","startHours":11.382127173647246,"endHours":12.382127173647246,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:23","end":"13:23","startHours":12.382127173647246,"endHours":13.382127173647246,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:23","end":"14:23","startHours":13.382127173647246,"endHours":14.382127173647246,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:23","end":"15:23","startHours":14.382127173647246,"endHours":15.382127173647246,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:23","end":"16:23","startHours":15.382127173647246,"endHours":16.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:23","end":"17:23","startHours":16.38212717364725,"endHours":17.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:23","end":"18:23","startHours":17.38212717364725,"endHours":18.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:23","end":"19:23","startHours":18.38212717364725,"endHours":19.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:23","end":"20:23","startHours":19.38212717364725,"endHours":20.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:23","end":"21:23","startHours":20.38212717364725,"endHours":21.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:23","end":"22:23","startHours":21.38212717364725,"endHours":22.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:23","end":"23:23","startHours":22.38212717364725,"endHours":23.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:23","end":"00:23","startHours":23.38212717364725,"endHours":24.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:23","end":"01:23","startHours":24.38212717364725,"endHours":25.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:23","end":"02:23","startHours":25.38212717364725,"endHours":26.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:23","end":"03:23","startHours":26.38212717364725,"endHours":27.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:23","end":"04:23","startHours":27.38212717364725,"endHours":28.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:23","end":"05:23","startHours":28.38212717364725,"endHours":29.38212717364725,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāṇa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":2.722145813113966,"eotMinutes":5.868311030728706,"ayanamsa":24.1143}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2075,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","saka_samvat":1940,"saka_samvatsara":"Vilambī","bengali_samvat":1425,"malayalam_era":1194,"nanakshahi_year":549,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Saptamī · Vikram 2075 Virodhakṛt · Śaka 1940 Vilambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"simha-sankranti","name":"Siṁha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"सिंह सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Leo.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Siṃha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Jyeṣṭhā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 16, 2018 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 16, 2018 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Saptamī, sūryodaya 05:23, sūryāsta 17:39.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-09-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T14:24:55.460Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T14:24:55.460Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T14:24:55.460Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}