{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2018-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2018-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 2018 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458178.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869713.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.4031,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.8208,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":168.4177,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.4177},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":124.8208,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8208},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":81.2239},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2018,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458178.770833,"ahargana":1869713.2708,"kali_year":5119,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.1067,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.292652,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":122.96925199999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.8753},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":235.88875200000007,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":325.91465199999993,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":208.809352,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":328.261852,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":253.07125199999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":113.5932,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":293.5932,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458178.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869713.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.4031,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":124.8208,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":168.4177,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.4177},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":124.8208,"elapsed_within_degrees":4.8208},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":81.2239},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.875,"elongation":168.418},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.875,"opposition_distance":11.582}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-13,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.855,"elongation":1.98}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:59","sunsetLocal":"17:41","solarNoonLocal":"11:50","dayLengthHours":11.693272711320189,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 41 Mins 36 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 18 Mins 24 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:33","moonsetLocal":"05:20","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:18","end":"14:45","startHours":13.294804758200268,"endHours":14.756463847115292,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:59","end":"07:27","startHours":5.986509313625151,"endHours":7.448168402540174,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:55","end":"10:22","startHours":8.909827491455198,"endHours":10.37148658037022,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:43","end":"09:06","startHours":8.714939612933195,"endHours":9.104715369977201,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:28","end":"06:47","startHours":6.4737290099301585,"endHours":6.785549615565364,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:27","end":"12:13","startHours":11.443369912241238,"endHours":12.22292142632925,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:26","end":"05:12","startHours":4.427406285449125,"endHours":5.206957799537138,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:01","end":"05:59","startHours":5.012069921015135,"endHours":5.986509313625151,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:47","end":"14:34","startHours":13.782024454505276,"endHours":14.561575968593289,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:29","end":"17:53","startHours":17.47978202494534,"endHours":17.87978202494534,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:41","end":"18:10","startHours":17.67978202494534,"endHours":18.167001721250347,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:26","end":"19:11","startHours":17.42978202494534,"endHours":19.17978202494534,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:27","end":"00:13","startHours":23.443369912241238,"endHours":24.22292142632925,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:59","end":"07:27","startHours":5.986509313625151,"endHours":7.448168402540174,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:27","end":"08:55","startHours":7.448168402540174,"endHours":8.909827491455198,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:55","end":"10:22","startHours":8.909827491455198,"endHours":10.37148658037022,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:22","end":"11:50","startHours":10.37148658037022,"endHours":11.833145669285244,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:50","end":"13:18","startHours":11.833145669285244,"endHours":13.294804758200268,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:18","end":"14:45","startHours":13.294804758200268,"endHours":14.756463847115292,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:45","end":"16:13","startHours":14.756463847115292,"endHours":16.218122936030316,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:13","end":"17:41","startHours":16.218122936030316,"endHours":17.67978202494534,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:41","end":"19:13","startHours":17.67978202494534,"endHours":19.218122936030316,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:13","end":"20:45","startHours":19.218122936030316,"endHours":20.756463847115292,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:45","end":"22:18","startHours":20.756463847115292,"endHours":22.294804758200268,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:18","end":"23:50","startHours":22.294804758200268,"endHours":23.833145669285244,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:50","end":"01:22","startHours":23.833145669285244,"endHours":25.37148658037022,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:22","end":"02:55","startHours":25.37148658037022,"endHours":26.909827491455196,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:55","end":"04:27","startHours":26.909827491455196,"endHours":28.448168402540176,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:27","end":"05:59","startHours":28.448168402540176,"endHours":29.98650931362515,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":5.986509313625151,"endHours":6.986509313625151,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.986509313625151,"endHours":7.986509313625151,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.986509313625151,"endHours":8.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.98650931362515,"endHours":9.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.98650931362515,"endHours":10.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.98650931362515,"endHours":11.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.98650931362515,"endHours":12.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.98650931362515,"endHours":13.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.98650931362515,"endHours":14.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.98650931362515,"endHours":15.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.98650931362515,"endHours":16.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.98650931362515,"endHours":17.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.98650931362515,"endHours":18.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.98650931362515,"endHours":19.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.98650931362515,"endHours":20.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.98650931362515,"endHours":21.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.98650931362515,"endHours":22.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.98650931362515,"endHours":23.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.98650931362515,"endHours":24.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.98650931362515,"endHours":25.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.98650931362515,"endHours":26.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.98650931362515,"endHours":27.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.98650931362515,"endHours":28.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":28.98650931362515,"endHours":29.98650931362515,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"West","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Cara","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.667509801246955,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":24.1067}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2075,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","saka_samvat":1940,"saka_samvatsara":"Vilambī","bengali_samvat":1425,"malayalam_era":1194,"nanakshahi_year":549,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2075 Virodhakṛt · Śaka 1940 Vilambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"holi","name":"Holi (Phālguna Pūrṇimā)","name_sanskrit":"होली","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Festival of colors; Holikā-dahana eve.","vrata":false,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Phālguna"},"precedence":1},{"id":"lakshmi-jayanti","name":"Lakṣmī Jayantī","name_sanskrit":"लक्ष्मी जयन्ती","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Mahā-Lakṣmī","significance":"Birth of Mahā-Lakṣmī from samudra-mathana (Phālguna Pūrṇimā tradition).","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Phālguna"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Bhāgavata 8.8"]},{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Śukla Pūrṇimā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 2018 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 2018 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 05:59, sūryāsta 17:41.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T00:08:04.422Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T00:08:04.422Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T00:08:04.422Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}