{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2018-01-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-01-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2018-01-16","date_display":"January 16, 2018 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458134.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869669.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.5937,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":259.9186,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":348.3249,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.3249},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":259.9186,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.5853},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":171.5123},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2018,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458134.770833,"ahargana":1869669.2708,"kali_year":5119,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.105,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.741133,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":260.35143300000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.6436},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":209.112933,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":252.24413299999992,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":204.944933,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":273.106033,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":248.867933,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":115.9246,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":295.9246,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2018,"month":1,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2458134.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869669.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.5937,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":259.9186,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":348.3249,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.3249},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":259.9186,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.5853},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":171.5123},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.644,"elongation":11.675},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.644,"opposition_distance":168.325}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:19","sunsetLocal":"17:14","solarNoonLocal":"11:47","dayLengthHours":10.906315419672943,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 54 Mins 23 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 05 Mins 37 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:38","moonsetLocal":"16:24","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:30","end":"15:52","startHours":14.503887213947863,"endHours":15.867176641406981,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:03","end":"10:25","startHours":9.050729504111391,"endHours":10.41401893157051,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:47","end":"13:08","startHours":11.777308359029629,"endHours":13.140597786488746,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:52","end":"09:14","startHours":8.868957580450177,"endHours":9.232501427772608,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:47","end":"07:04","startHours":6.7785804583461955,"endHours":7.069415536204141,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:25","end":"12:08","startHours":11.413764511707198,"endHours":12.14085220635206,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:36","startHours":4.8699752599034305,"endHours":5.597062954548294,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:25","end":"06:19","startHours":5.415291030887078,"endHours":6.3241506491931565,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:36","end":"14:19","startHours":13.595027595641785,"endHours":14.322115290286648,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:02","end":"17:26","startHours":17.0304660688661,"endHours":17.4304660688661,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:14","end":"17:41","startHours":17.2304660688661,"endHours":17.68489587801914,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:59","end":"18:44","startHours":16.9804660688661,"endHours":18.7304660688661,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:25","end":"00:08","startHours":23.413764511707196,"endHours":24.14085220635206,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:19","end":"07:41","startHours":6.3241506491931565,"endHours":7.687440076652274,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:41","end":"09:03","startHours":7.687440076652274,"endHours":9.050729504111391,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:03","end":"10:25","startHours":9.050729504111391,"endHours":10.41401893157051,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:25","end":"11:47","startHours":10.41401893157051,"endHours":11.777308359029629,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:47","end":"13:08","startHours":11.777308359029629,"endHours":13.140597786488746,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:08","end":"14:30","startHours":13.140597786488746,"endHours":14.503887213947863,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:30","end":"15:52","startHours":14.503887213947863,"endHours":15.867176641406981,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:52","end":"17:14","startHours":15.867176641406981,"endHours":17.2304660688661,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:14","end":"18:52","startHours":17.2304660688661,"endHours":18.86717664140698,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:52","end":"20:30","startHours":18.86717664140698,"endHours":20.503887213947863,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:30","end":"22:08","startHours":20.503887213947863,"endHours":22.140597786488748,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:08","end":"23:47","startHours":22.140597786488748,"endHours":23.77730835902963,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:47","end":"01:25","startHours":23.77730835902963,"endHours":25.41401893157051,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:25","end":"03:03","startHours":25.41401893157051,"endHours":27.050729504111395,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:03","end":"04:41","startHours":27.050729504111395,"endHours":28.687440076652276,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:41","end":"06:19","startHours":28.687440076652276,"endHours":30.324150649193157,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.3241506491931565,"endHours":7.3241506491931565,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.3241506491931565,"endHours":8.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.324150649193157,"endHours":9.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.324150649193157,"endHours":10.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.324150649193157,"endHours":11.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.324150649193157,"endHours":12.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.324150649193157,"endHours":13.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.324150649193157,"endHours":14.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.324150649193157,"endHours":15.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.324150649193157,"endHours":16.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.324150649193157,"endHours":17.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.324150649193157,"endHours":18.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.324150649193157,"endHours":19.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.324150649193157,"endHours":20.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.324150649193157,"endHours":21.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.324150649193157,"endHours":22.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.324150649193157,"endHours":23.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.324150649193157,"endHours":24.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.324150649193157,"endHours":25.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.324150649193157,"endHours":26.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.324150649193157,"endHours":27.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.324150649193157,"endHours":28.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":28.324150649193157,"endHours":29.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":29.324150649193157,"endHours":30.324150649193157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.974137300051733,"eotMinutes":-9.692901541777706,"ayanamsa":24.105}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2075,"vikram_samvatsara":"Virodhakṛt","saka_samvat":1940,"saka_samvatsara":"Vilambī","bengali_samvat":1425,"malayalam_era":1194,"nanakshahi_year":549,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2075 Virodhakṛt · Śaka 1940 Vilambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 16, 2018 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 16, 2018 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:19, sūryāsta 17:14.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-01-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-01-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-01-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-01-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2018-01-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:48:37.148Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T07:48:37.148Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T07:48:37.148Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}