{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2017-07-21:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-07-21","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-07-21","date_display":"July 21, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":7,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457955.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869490.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.8853,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":62.9601,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":329.0748,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.0748},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":62.9601,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.6268},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":156.8454},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":7,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457955.770833,"ahargana":1869490.2708,"kali_year":5119,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0982,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":94.39527199999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":61.315472,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.9888},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":96.01027199999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":119.58617199999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":171.19237199999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":53.541672000000005,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":237.89267199999995,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":125.4088,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":305.4088,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":7,"day":21,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457955.770833,"kali_year":5119,"ahargana":1869490.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":93.8853,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":62.9601,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":329.0748,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.0748},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":62.9601,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.6268},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":156.8454},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.989,"elongation":30.925},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.989,"opposition_distance":149.075}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:03","sunsetLocal":"18:23","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.321156465289139,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 19 Mins 16 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 40 Mins 44 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:46","moonsetLocal":"16:15","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:03","end":"11:43","startHours":10.05144549909359,"endHours":11.716590057254733,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"15:03","end":"16:43","startHours":15.046879173577018,"endHours":16.71202373173816,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:43","end":"08:23","startHours":6.721156382771305,"endHours":8.386300940932447,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:10","end":"08:36","startHours":8.164281666510963,"endHours":8.608320215353933,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:37","end":"05:58","startHours":5.611060010663877,"endHours":5.966290849738254,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:16","end":"12:10","startHours":11.27255150841176,"endHours":12.160628606097704,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:17","end":"04:10","startHours":3.279857629238278,"endHours":4.16793472692422,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:57","end":"05:03","startHours":3.945915452502735,"endHours":5.056011824610163,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:56","end":"14:49","startHours":13.936782801469588,"endHours":14.82485989915553,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:11","end":"18:35","startHours":18.177168289899303,"endHours":18.5771682898993,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:23","end":"18:56","startHours":18.377168289899302,"endHours":18.932216475953016,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:08","end":"19:53","startHours":18.127168289899302,"endHours":19.877168289899302,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:16","end":"00:10","startHours":23.272551508411762,"endHours":24.160628606097706,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:03","end":"06:43","startHours":5.056011824610163,"endHours":6.721156382771305,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:43","end":"08:23","startHours":6.721156382771305,"endHours":8.386300940932447,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:23","end":"10:03","startHours":8.386300940932447,"endHours":10.05144549909359,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:03","end":"11:43","startHours":10.05144549909359,"endHours":11.716590057254733,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:43","end":"13:23","startHours":11.716590057254733,"endHours":13.381734615415875,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:23","end":"15:03","startHours":13.381734615415875,"endHours":15.046879173577018,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:03","end":"16:43","startHours":15.046879173577018,"endHours":16.71202373173816,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:43","end":"18:23","startHours":16.71202373173816,"endHours":18.377168289899302,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"18:23","end":"19:43","startHours":18.377168289899302,"endHours":19.71202373173816,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:43","end":"21:03","startHours":19.71202373173816,"endHours":21.046879173577018,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:03","end":"22:23","startHours":21.046879173577018,"endHours":22.381734615415873,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:23","end":"23:43","startHours":22.381734615415873,"endHours":23.716590057254734,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:43","end":"01:03","startHours":23.716590057254734,"endHours":25.05144549909359,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:03","end":"02:23","startHours":25.05144549909359,"endHours":26.386300940932447,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:23","end":"03:43","startHours":26.386300940932447,"endHours":27.721156382771305,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:43","end":"05:03","startHours":27.721156382771305,"endHours":29.056011824610163,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:03","end":"06:03","startHours":5.056011824610163,"endHours":6.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:03","end":"07:03","startHours":6.056011824610163,"endHours":7.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:03","end":"08:03","startHours":7.056011824610163,"endHours":8.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:03","end":"09:03","startHours":8.056011824610163,"endHours":9.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:03","end":"10:03","startHours":9.056011824610163,"endHours":10.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:03","end":"11:03","startHours":10.056011824610163,"endHours":11.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:03","end":"12:03","startHours":11.056011824610163,"endHours":12.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:03","end":"13:03","startHours":12.056011824610163,"endHours":13.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:03","end":"14:03","startHours":13.056011824610163,"endHours":14.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:03","end":"15:03","startHours":14.056011824610163,"endHours":15.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:03","end":"16:03","startHours":15.056011824610163,"endHours":16.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:03","end":"17:03","startHours":16.056011824610163,"endHours":17.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:03","end":"18:03","startHours":17.056011824610163,"endHours":18.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:03","end":"19:03","startHours":18.056011824610163,"endHours":19.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:03","end":"20:03","startHours":19.056011824610163,"endHours":20.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:03","end":"21:03","startHours":20.056011824610163,"endHours":21.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:03","end":"22:03","startHours":21.056011824610163,"endHours":22.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:03","end":"23:03","startHours":22.056011824610163,"endHours":23.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:03","end":"00:03","startHours":23.056011824610163,"endHours":24.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:03","end":"01:03","startHours":24.056011824610163,"endHours":25.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:03","end":"02:03","startHours":25.056011824610163,"endHours":26.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:03","end":"03:03","startHours":26.056011824610163,"endHours":27.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:03","end":"04:03","startHours":27.056011824610163,"endHours":28.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:03","end":"05:03","startHours":28.056011824610163,"endHours":29.056011824610163,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":20.460142990624046,"eotMinutes":-6.049803435283957,"ayanamsa":24.0982}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 21, 2017 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 21, 2017 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:03, sūryāsta 18:23.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-07-21","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-07-21","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-07-21","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-07-21","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-07-21"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T14:34:14.906Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T14:34:14.906Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T14:34:14.906Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}