{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2017-03-17:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-03-17","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2017-03-17","date_display":"March 17, 2017 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":3,"day":17,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457829.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869364.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":332.6841,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":205.6827,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":232.9986,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.9986},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":205.6827,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.6827},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":178.3668},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2017,"month":3,"day":17,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457829.770833,"ahargana":1869364.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0934,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":332.54558599999996,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":202.977486,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.3165},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":10.704185999999993,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":341.810586,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":176.346586,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":345.634086,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":243.18648599999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":132.0849,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":312.0849,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2017,"month":3,"day":17,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457829.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869364.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":332.6841,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":205.6827,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":232.9986,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.9986},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":205.6827,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.6827},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":178.3668},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":38,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.317,"elongation":127.001},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.317,"opposition_distance":52.999}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:45","sunsetLocal":"17:47","solarNoonLocal":"11:46","dayLengthHours":12.046174357509578,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 02 Mins 46 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 57 Mins 14 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:34","moonsetLocal":"08:41","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:16","end":"11:46","startHours":10.261052228515013,"endHours":11.76682402320371,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:47","end":"16:17","startHours":14.778367612581105,"endHours":16.2841394072698,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:15","end":"08:45","startHours":7.249508639137619,"endHours":8.755280433826316,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:33","end":"08:57","startHours":8.554510861201155,"endHours":8.956050006451475,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:15","end":"06:34","startHours":6.245660776011821,"endHours":6.566892092212076,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:22","end":"12:10","startHours":11.36528487795339,"endHours":12.16836316845403,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:08","end":"04:56","startHours":4.137580263447645,"endHours":4.940658553948283,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:44","end":"05:45","startHours":4.739888981323124,"endHours":5.743736844448922,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:46","end":"14:35","startHours":13.774519749455306,"endHours":14.577598039955944,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:35","end":"17:59","startHours":17.5899112019585,"endHours":17.9899112019585,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:47","end":"18:18","startHours":17.7899112019585,"endHours":18.2918351335214,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:32","end":"19:17","startHours":17.5399112019585,"endHours":19.2899112019585,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:22","end":"00:10","startHours":23.365284877953393,"endHours":24.16836316845403,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:45","end":"07:15","startHours":5.743736844448922,"endHours":7.249508639137619,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:15","end":"08:45","startHours":7.249508639137619,"endHours":8.755280433826316,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:45","end":"10:16","startHours":8.755280433826316,"endHours":10.261052228515013,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:16","end":"11:46","startHours":10.261052228515013,"endHours":11.76682402320371,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:46","end":"13:16","startHours":11.76682402320371,"endHours":13.272595817892409,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:16","end":"14:47","startHours":13.272595817892409,"endHours":14.778367612581105,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:47","end":"16:17","startHours":14.778367612581105,"endHours":16.2841394072698,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:17","end":"17:47","startHours":16.2841394072698,"endHours":17.7899112019585,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:47","end":"19:17","startHours":17.7899112019585,"endHours":19.2841394072698,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:17","end":"20:47","startHours":19.2841394072698,"endHours":20.778367612581107,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:47","end":"22:16","startHours":20.778367612581107,"endHours":22.27259581789241,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:16","end":"23:46","startHours":22.27259581789241,"endHours":23.76682402320371,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:46","end":"01:16","startHours":23.76682402320371,"endHours":25.261052228515013,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:16","end":"02:45","startHours":25.261052228515013,"endHours":26.755280433826314,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:45","end":"04:15","startHours":26.755280433826314,"endHours":28.24950863913762,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:15","end":"05:45","startHours":28.24950863913762,"endHours":29.74373684444892,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:45","end":"06:45","startHours":5.743736844448922,"endHours":6.743736844448922,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:45","end":"07:45","startHours":6.743736844448922,"endHours":7.743736844448922,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:45","end":"08:45","startHours":7.743736844448922,"endHours":8.743736844448922,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:45","end":"09:45","startHours":8.743736844448922,"endHours":9.743736844448922,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:45","end":"10:45","startHours":9.743736844448922,"endHours":10.743736844448922,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:45","end":"11:45","startHours":10.743736844448922,"endHours":11.743736844448922,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:45","end":"12:45","startHours":11.743736844448922,"endHours":12.743736844448922,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:45","end":"13:45","startHours":12.743736844448922,"endHours":13.743736844448922,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:45","end":"14:45","startHours":13.743736844448922,"endHours":14.743736844448922,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:45","end":"15:45","startHours":14.743736844448922,"endHours":15.743736844448922,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:45","end":"16:45","startHours":15.743736844448922,"endHours":16.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:45","end":"17:45","startHours":16.74373684444892,"endHours":17.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:45","end":"18:45","startHours":17.74373684444892,"endHours":18.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:45","end":"19:45","startHours":18.74373684444892,"endHours":19.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:45","end":"20:45","startHours":19.74373684444892,"endHours":20.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:45","end":"21:45","startHours":20.74373684444892,"endHours":21.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:45","end":"22:45","startHours":21.74373684444892,"endHours":22.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:45","end":"23:45","startHours":22.74373684444892,"endHours":23.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:45","end":"00:45","startHours":23.74373684444892,"endHours":24.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:45","end":"01:45","startHours":24.74373684444892,"endHours":25.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:45","end":"02:45","startHours":25.74373684444892,"endHours":26.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:45","end":"03:45","startHours":26.74373684444892,"endHours":27.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:45","end":"04:45","startHours":27.74373684444892,"endHours":28.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:45","end":"05:45","startHours":28.74373684444892,"endHours":29.74373684444892,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śrīvatsa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-1.336138938065443,"eotMinutes":-9.063841392222612,"ayanamsa":24.0934}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2074,"vikram_samvatsara":"Sādhāraṇa","saka_samvat":1939,"saka_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","bengali_samvat":1424,"malayalam_era":1193,"nanakshahi_year":548,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2074 Sādhāraṇa · Śaka 1939 Hemalambī"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 17, 2017 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 17, 2017 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:45, sūryāsta 17:47.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-03-17","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-03-17","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-03-17","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-03-17","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2017-03-17"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T08:12:23.284Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T08:12:23.284Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T08:12:23.284Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}