{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2016-12-16:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-12-16","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-12-16","date_display":"December 16, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457738.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869273.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.0052,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":87.4904,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":207.4852,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4852},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3,"moon_longitude":87.4904,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4904},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":327.4956},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":34,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457738.770833,"ahargana":1869273.2708,"kali_year":5118,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0899,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.42076300000008,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":88.53326300000003,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.4161},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":303.138863,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":259.99186299999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":174.55446299999994,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":285.379463,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":235.23296299999993,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":136.9065,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":316.9065,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":12,"day":16,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457738.770833,"kali_year":5118,"ahargana":1869273.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":240.0052,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":87.4904,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":207.4852,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4852},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3,"moon_longitude":87.4904,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.4904},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":327.4956},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":34,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.416,"elongation":152.515},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.416,"opposition_distance":27.485}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:11","sunsetLocal":"16:56","solarNoonLocal":"11:33","dayLengthHours":10.75476688511015,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 45 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 14 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:45","moonsetLocal":"08:06","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:13","end":"11:33","startHours":10.209465525575023,"endHours":11.553811386213791,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:15","end":"15:35","startHours":14.24250310749133,"endHours":15.586848968130099,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:31","end":"08:52","startHours":7.520773804297486,"endHours":8.865119664936255,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:41","end":"09:03","startHours":8.685873550184418,"endHours":9.044365779688091,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:37","end":"06:55","startHours":6.624543230538307,"endHours":6.911337014141244,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:12","end":"11:55","startHours":11.19531915671012,"endHours":11.912303615717462,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:45","end":"05:28","startHours":4.74245902564403,"endHours":5.4594434846513735,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:17","end":"06:11","startHours":5.280197369899538,"endHours":6.176427943658717,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:21","end":"14:04","startHours":13.34627253373215,"endHours":14.063256992739495,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:44","end":"17:08","startHours":16.731194828768867,"endHours":17.131194828768866,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:56","end":"17:23","startHours":16.931194828768867,"endHours":17.379310115648455,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:41","end":"18:26","startHours":16.681194828768867,"endHours":18.431194828768867,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:12","end":"23:55","startHours":23.19531915671012,"endHours":23.912303615717462,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:11","end":"07:31","startHours":6.176427943658717,"endHours":7.520773804297486,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:31","end":"08:52","startHours":7.520773804297486,"endHours":8.865119664936255,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:52","end":"10:13","startHours":8.865119664936255,"endHours":10.209465525575023,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:13","end":"11:33","startHours":10.209465525575023,"endHours":11.553811386213791,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:33","end":"12:54","startHours":11.553811386213791,"endHours":12.898157246852561,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"12:54","end":"14:15","startHours":12.898157246852561,"endHours":14.24250310749133,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:15","end":"15:35","startHours":14.24250310749133,"endHours":15.586848968130099,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:35","end":"16:56","startHours":15.586848968130099,"endHours":16.931194828768867,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"16:56","end":"18:35","startHours":16.931194828768867,"endHours":18.5868489681301,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:35","end":"20:15","startHours":18.5868489681301,"endHours":20.24250310749133,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:15","end":"21:54","startHours":20.24250310749133,"endHours":21.89815724685256,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:54","end":"23:33","startHours":21.89815724685256,"endHours":23.55381138621379,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:33","end":"01:13","startHours":23.55381138621379,"endHours":25.209465525575023,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:13","end":"02:52","startHours":25.209465525575023,"endHours":26.865119664936252,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:52","end":"04:31","startHours":26.865119664936252,"endHours":28.520773804297484,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:31","end":"06:11","startHours":28.520773804297484,"endHours":30.176427943658716,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:11","end":"07:11","startHours":6.176427943658717,"endHours":7.176427943658717,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:11","end":"08:11","startHours":7.176427943658717,"endHours":8.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:11","end":"09:11","startHours":8.176427943658716,"endHours":9.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:11","end":"10:11","startHours":9.176427943658716,"endHours":10.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:11","end":"11:11","startHours":10.176427943658716,"endHours":11.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:11","end":"12:11","startHours":11.176427943658716,"endHours":12.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:11","end":"13:11","startHours":12.176427943658716,"endHours":13.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:11","end":"14:11","startHours":13.176427943658716,"endHours":14.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:11","end":"15:11","startHours":14.176427943658716,"endHours":15.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:11","end":"16:11","startHours":15.176427943658716,"endHours":16.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:11","end":"17:11","startHours":16.176427943658716,"endHours":17.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:11","end":"18:11","startHours":17.176427943658716,"endHours":18.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:11","end":"19:11","startHours":18.176427943658716,"endHours":19.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:11","end":"20:11","startHours":19.176427943658716,"endHours":20.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:11","end":"21:11","startHours":20.176427943658716,"endHours":21.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:11","end":"22:11","startHours":21.176427943658716,"endHours":22.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:11","end":"23:11","startHours":22.176427943658716,"endHours":23.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:11","end":"00:11","startHours":23.176427943658716,"endHours":24.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:11","end":"01:11","startHours":24.176427943658716,"endHours":25.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:11","end":"02:11","startHours":25.176427943658716,"endHours":26.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:11","end":"03:11","startHours":26.176427943658716,"endHours":27.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:11","end":"04:11","startHours":27.176427943658716,"endHours":28.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:11","end":"05:11","startHours":28.176427943658716,"endHours":29.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:11","end":"06:11","startHours":29.176427943658716,"endHours":30.176427943658716,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.322644899561098,"eotMinutes":3.716916827172506,"ayanamsa":24.0899}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 16, 2016 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 16, 2016 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:11, sūryāsta 16:56.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-12-16","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-12-16","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-12-16","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-12-16","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-12-16"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:48:09.053Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T13:48:09.053Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T13:48:09.053Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}