{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2016-03-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-03-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2016-03-20","date_display":"March 20, 2016 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":3,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457467.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1869002.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":335.9254,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":116.2517,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":140.3263,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.3263},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":116.2517,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.585},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":92.1771},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2016,"month":3,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457467.770833,"ahargana":1869002.2708,"kali_year":5117,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0795,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":335.78491699999995,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":117.42311699999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.5802},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":220.243017,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":331.768517,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":142.03481699999998,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":315.149317,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":232.0914170000001,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":151.2654,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":331.2654,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2016,"month":3,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457467.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1869002.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":335.9254,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":116.2517,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":12,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":140.3263,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.3263},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Āśleṣā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":116.2517,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.585},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":92.1771},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":23,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.58,"elongation":140.326},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.58,"opposition_distance":39.674}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-11,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.681,"elongation":1.816}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:42","sunsetLocal":"17:49","solarNoonLocal":"11:45","dayLengthHours":12.117309274482915,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 07 Mins 02 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 52 Mins 58 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:45","moonsetLocal":"03:39","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:18","end":"17:49","startHours":16.29563406564234,"endHours":17.810297724952704,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:45","end":"13:16","startHours":11.751643087711248,"endHours":13.266306747021611,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:47","end":"16:18","startHours":14.780970406331976,"endHours":16.29563406564234,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:31","end":"08:55","startHours":8.520360614515802,"endHours":8.924270923665233,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:12","end":"06:31","startHours":6.197876336906577,"endHours":6.521004584226121,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:21","end":"12:09","startHours":11.347732778561815,"endHours":12.155553396860677,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:05","end":"04:53","startHours":4.077347213872067,"endHours":4.885167832170929,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:41","end":"05:42","startHours":4.683212677596213,"endHours":5.692988450469789,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:46","end":"14:35","startHours":13.771194633458398,"endHours":14.579015251757259,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:37","end":"18:01","startHours":17.610297724952705,"endHours":18.010297724952704,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:49","end":"18:19","startHours":17.810297724952704,"endHours":18.31518561138949,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:34","end":"19:19","startHours":17.560297724952704,"endHours":19.310297724952704,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:21","end":"00:09","startHours":23.347732778561813,"endHours":24.155553396860675,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:42","end":"07:12","startHours":5.692988450469789,"endHours":7.207652109780153,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:12","end":"08:43","startHours":7.207652109780153,"endHours":8.722315769090518,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:43","end":"10:14","startHours":8.722315769090518,"endHours":10.236979428400883,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:14","end":"11:45","startHours":10.236979428400883,"endHours":11.751643087711248,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:45","end":"13:16","startHours":11.751643087711248,"endHours":13.266306747021611,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:16","end":"14:47","startHours":13.266306747021611,"endHours":14.780970406331976,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:47","end":"16:18","startHours":14.780970406331976,"endHours":16.29563406564234,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:18","end":"17:49","startHours":16.29563406564234,"endHours":17.810297724952704,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:49","end":"19:18","startHours":17.810297724952704,"endHours":19.29563406564234,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:18","end":"20:47","startHours":19.29563406564234,"endHours":20.780970406331974,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:47","end":"22:16","startHours":20.780970406331974,"endHours":22.26630674702161,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:16","end":"23:45","startHours":22.26630674702161,"endHours":23.751643087711248,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:45","end":"01:14","startHours":23.751643087711248,"endHours":25.236979428400883,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:14","end":"02:43","startHours":25.236979428400883,"endHours":26.722315769090518,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:43","end":"04:12","startHours":26.722315769090518,"endHours":28.207652109780156,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:12","end":"05:42","startHours":28.207652109780156,"endHours":29.69298845046979,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:42","end":"06:42","startHours":5.692988450469789,"endHours":6.692988450469789,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:42","end":"07:42","startHours":6.692988450469789,"endHours":7.692988450469789,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:42","end":"08:42","startHours":7.692988450469789,"endHours":8.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:42","end":"09:42","startHours":8.69298845046979,"endHours":9.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:42","end":"10:42","startHours":9.69298845046979,"endHours":10.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:42","end":"11:42","startHours":10.69298845046979,"endHours":11.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:42","end":"12:42","startHours":11.69298845046979,"endHours":12.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:42","end":"13:42","startHours":12.69298845046979,"endHours":13.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:42","end":"14:42","startHours":13.69298845046979,"endHours":14.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:42","end":"15:42","startHours":14.69298845046979,"endHours":15.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:42","end":"16:42","startHours":15.69298845046979,"endHours":16.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:42","end":"17:42","startHours":16.69298845046979,"endHours":17.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:42","end":"18:42","startHours":17.69298845046979,"endHours":18.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:42","end":"19:42","startHours":18.69298845046979,"endHours":19.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:42","end":"20:42","startHours":19.69298845046979,"endHours":20.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:42","end":"21:42","startHours":20.69298845046979,"endHours":21.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:42","end":"22:42","startHours":21.69298845046979,"endHours":22.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:42","end":"23:42","startHours":22.69298845046979,"endHours":23.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:42","end":"00:42","startHours":23.69298845046979,"endHours":24.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:42","end":"01:42","startHours":24.69298845046979,"endHours":25.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:42","end":"02:42","startHours":25.69298845046979,"endHours":26.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:42","end":"03:42","startHours":26.69298845046979,"endHours":27.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:42","end":"04:42","startHours":27.69298845046979,"endHours":28.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:42","end":"05:42","startHours":28.69298845046979,"endHours":29.69298845046979,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-0.05392571791576136,"eotMinutes":-8.152985262674756,"ayanamsa":24.0795}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2073,"vikram_samvatsara":"Saumya","saka_samvat":1938,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","bengali_samvat":1423,"malayalam_era":1192,"nanakshahi_year":547,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Dvādaśī · Vikram 2073 Saumya · Śaka 1938 Durmukhi"},"festivals":[{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 20, 2016 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 20, 2016 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 05:42, sūryāsta 17:49.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-03-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-03-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-03-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-03-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2016-03-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T15:57:53.207Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T15:57:53.207Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T15:57:53.207Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}