{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2015-12-13:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2015-12-13","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2015-12-13","date_display":"December 13, 2015 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2015,"month":12,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457369.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868904.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":236.1677,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":255.2234,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":19.0557,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.0557},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":255.2234,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.89},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":131.391},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2015,"month":12,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457369.770833,"ahargana":1868904.2708,"kali_year":5117,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0758,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":236.61336099999994,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":255.95476099999996,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.4473},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":173.50276099999996,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":250.27836100000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":147.360661,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":194.98736099999996,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":224.690161,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":156.4579,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":336.4579,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2015,"month":12,"day":13,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2457369.770833,"kali_year":5117,"ahargana":1868904.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":236.1677,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":255.2234,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":2,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":19.0557,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.0557},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":255.2234,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.89},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":131.391},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":3,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.447,"elongation":19.056},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.447,"opposition_distance":160.944}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:09","sunsetLocal":"16:55","solarNoonLocal":"11:32","dayLengthHours":10.768733400551646,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 07 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 53 Secs","moonriseLocal":"07:27","moonsetLocal":"18:11","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:34","end":"16:55","startHours":15.569190854383233,"endHours":16.91528252945219,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:32","end":"12:53","startHours":11.530915829176365,"endHours":12.87700750424532,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:13","end":"15:34","startHours":14.223099179314275,"endHours":15.569190854383233,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:40","end":"09:01","startHours":8.659253589029259,"endHours":9.018211369047647,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:36","end":"06:53","startHours":6.595246353923526,"endHours":6.882412577938237,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:10","end":"11:53","startHours":11.171958049157977,"endHours":11.889873609194753,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:43","end":"05:26","startHours":4.710718008826989,"endHours":5.428633568863765,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:15","end":"06:09","startHours":5.249154678854571,"endHours":6.146549128900541,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:20","end":"14:03","startHours":13.325704729268306,"endHours":14.043620289305082,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:43","end":"17:07","startHours":16.71528252945219,"endHours":17.115282529452188,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"16:55","end":"17:22","startHours":16.91528252945219,"endHours":17.363979754475174,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:40","end":"18:25","startHours":16.66528252945219,"endHours":18.41528252945219,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:10","end":"23:53","startHours":23.171958049157976,"endHours":23.889873609194755,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:09","end":"07:30","startHours":6.146549128900541,"endHours":7.492640803969497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:30","end":"08:50","startHours":7.492640803969497,"endHours":8.838732479038452,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:50","end":"10:11","startHours":8.838732479038452,"endHours":10.184824154107408,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:11","end":"11:32","startHours":10.184824154107408,"endHours":11.530915829176365,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:32","end":"12:53","startHours":11.530915829176365,"endHours":12.87700750424532,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"12:53","end":"14:13","startHours":12.87700750424532,"endHours":14.223099179314275,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:13","end":"15:34","startHours":14.223099179314275,"endHours":15.569190854383233,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:34","end":"16:55","startHours":15.569190854383233,"endHours":16.91528252945219,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:55","end":"18:34","startHours":16.91528252945219,"endHours":18.569190854383233,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"18:34","end":"20:13","startHours":18.569190854383233,"endHours":20.223099179314275,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:13","end":"21:53","startHours":20.223099179314275,"endHours":21.87700750424532,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"21:53","end":"23:32","startHours":21.87700750424532,"endHours":23.530915829176365,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:32","end":"01:11","startHours":23.530915829176365,"endHours":25.18482415410741,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:11","end":"02:50","startHours":25.18482415410741,"endHours":26.838732479038455,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:50","end":"04:30","startHours":26.838732479038455,"endHours":28.492640803969497,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:30","end":"06:09","startHours":28.492640803969497,"endHours":30.146549128900542,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:09","end":"07:09","startHours":6.146549128900541,"endHours":7.146549128900541,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:09","end":"08:09","startHours":7.146549128900541,"endHours":8.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:09","end":"09:09","startHours":8.146549128900542,"endHours":9.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:09","end":"10:09","startHours":9.146549128900542,"endHours":10.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:09","end":"11:09","startHours":10.146549128900542,"endHours":11.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:09","end":"12:09","startHours":11.146549128900542,"endHours":12.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:09","end":"13:09","startHours":12.146549128900542,"endHours":13.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:09","end":"14:09","startHours":13.146549128900542,"endHours":14.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:09","end":"15:09","startHours":14.146549128900542,"endHours":15.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:09","end":"16:09","startHours":15.146549128900542,"endHours":16.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:09","end":"17:09","startHours":16.146549128900542,"endHours":17.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:09","end":"18:09","startHours":17.146549128900542,"endHours":18.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:09","end":"19:09","startHours":18.146549128900542,"endHours":19.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:09","end":"20:09","startHours":19.146549128900542,"endHours":20.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:09","end":"21:09","startHours":20.146549128900542,"endHours":21.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:09","end":"22:09","startHours":21.146549128900542,"endHours":22.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:09","end":"23:09","startHours":22.146549128900542,"endHours":23.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:09","end":"00:09","startHours":23.146549128900542,"endHours":24.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:09","end":"01:09","startHours":24.146549128900542,"endHours":25.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:09","end":"02:09","startHours":25.146549128900542,"endHours":26.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:09","end":"03:09","startHours":26.146549128900542,"endHours":27.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:09","end":"04:09","startHours":27.146549128900542,"endHours":28.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:09","end":"05:09","startHours":28.146549128900542,"endHours":29.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:09","end":"06:09","startHours":29.146549128900542,"endHours":30.146549128900542,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Śubha","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śarad (Autumn)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.109672130504322,"eotMinutes":5.090650249418121,"ayanamsa":24.0758}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2072,"vikram_samvatsara":"Kīlaka","saka_samvat":1937,"saka_samvatsara":"Manmatha","bengali_samvat":1422,"malayalam_era":1191,"nanakshahi_year":546,"lunar_month":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Vṛścika (Kārttikai)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Mārgaśīrṣa Śukla Dvitīyā · Vikram 2072 Kīlaka · Śaka 1937 Manmatha"},"festivals":[{"id":"vrischika-sankranti","name":"Vṛścika Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"वृश्चिक सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Scorpio.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Vṛścika"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 13, 2015 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 13, 2015 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 06:09, sūryāsta 16:55.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2015-12-13","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2015-12-13","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2015-12-13","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2015-12-13","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2015-12-13"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T14:18:47.410Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T14:18:47.410Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T14:18:47.410Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}