{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2013-07-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-07-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-07-01","date_display":"July 1, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456474.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868009.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":74.9797,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":351.8167,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":276.837,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.837},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":351.8167,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.15},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":66.7964},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456474.770833,"ahargana":1868009.2708,"kali_year":5115,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0415,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.34535700000004,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":355.102757,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.387},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":57.24115699999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":88.17535700000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":66.59735699999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":99.811057,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":190.57295699999997,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":203.8793,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":23.8793,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456474.770833,"kali_year":5115,"ahargana":1868009.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":74.9797,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":351.8167,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":24,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Navamī","elongation_degrees":276.837,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.837},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":351.8167,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.15},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":66.7964},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":46,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.387,"elongation":83.163},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.387,"opposition_distance":96.837}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"04:56","sunsetLocal":"18:25","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":13.496729075318662,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 29 Mins 48 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 30 Mins 12 Secs","moonriseLocal":"00:04","moonsetLocal":"12:35","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:37","end":"08:18","startHours":6.612358016830015,"endHours":8.299449151244847,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:59","end":"11:40","startHours":9.98654028565968,"endHours":11.673631420074514,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:22","end":"15:03","startHours":13.360722554489346,"endHours":15.047813688904178,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:04","end":"08:31","startHours":8.074503666656204,"endHours":8.524394635833492,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:29","end":"05:51","startHours":5.487630593886793,"endHours":5.8475433692286245,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:13","end":"12:07","startHours":11.223740450897225,"endHours":12.123522389251804,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:08","end":"04:02","startHours":3.1257030057060273,"endHours":4.025484944060605,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:48","end":"04:56","startHours":3.8005394594719606,"endHours":4.925266882415182,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:49","startHours":13.923086265960958,"endHours":14.822868204315535,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:13","end":"18:37","startHours":18.221995957733846,"endHours":18.621995957733844,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:25","end":"18:59","startHours":18.421995957733845,"endHours":18.984359669205457,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:10","end":"19:55","startHours":18.171995957733845,"endHours":19.921995957733845,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:13","end":"00:07","startHours":23.223740450897225,"endHours":24.123522389251804,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:56","end":"06:37","startHours":4.925266882415182,"endHours":6.612358016830015,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:37","end":"08:18","startHours":6.612358016830015,"endHours":8.299449151244847,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:18","end":"09:59","startHours":8.299449151244847,"endHours":9.98654028565968,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:59","end":"11:40","startHours":9.98654028565968,"endHours":11.673631420074514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:40","end":"13:22","startHours":11.673631420074514,"endHours":13.360722554489346,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:22","end":"15:03","startHours":13.360722554489346,"endHours":15.047813688904178,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:03","end":"16:44","startHours":15.047813688904178,"endHours":16.734904823319013,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:44","end":"18:25","startHours":16.734904823319013,"endHours":18.421995957733845,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:25","end":"19:44","startHours":18.421995957733845,"endHours":19.734904823319013,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:44","end":"21:03","startHours":19.734904823319013,"endHours":21.047813688904178,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:03","end":"22:22","startHours":21.047813688904178,"endHours":22.360722554489346,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:22","end":"23:40","startHours":22.360722554489346,"endHours":23.673631420074514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:40","end":"00:59","startHours":23.673631420074514,"endHours":24.986540285659682,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:59","end":"02:18","startHours":24.986540285659682,"endHours":26.29944915124485,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:18","end":"03:37","startHours":26.29944915124485,"endHours":27.612358016830015,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:37","end":"04:56","startHours":27.612358016830015,"endHours":28.925266882415183,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:56","end":"05:56","startHours":4.925266882415182,"endHours":5.925266882415182,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:56","end":"06:56","startHours":5.925266882415182,"endHours":6.925266882415182,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:56","end":"07:56","startHours":6.925266882415182,"endHours":7.925266882415182,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:56","end":"08:56","startHours":7.925266882415182,"endHours":8.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:56","end":"09:56","startHours":8.925266882415183,"endHours":9.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:56","end":"10:56","startHours":9.925266882415183,"endHours":10.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:56","end":"11:56","startHours":10.925266882415183,"endHours":11.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:56","end":"12:56","startHours":11.925266882415183,"endHours":12.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:56","end":"13:56","startHours":12.925266882415183,"endHours":13.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:56","end":"14:56","startHours":13.925266882415183,"endHours":14.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:56","end":"15:56","startHours":14.925266882415183,"endHours":15.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:56","end":"16:56","startHours":15.925266882415183,"endHours":16.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:56","end":"17:56","startHours":16.925266882415183,"endHours":17.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:56","end":"18:56","startHours":17.925266882415183,"endHours":18.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:56","end":"19:56","startHours":18.925266882415183,"endHours":19.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:56","end":"20:56","startHours":19.925266882415183,"endHours":20.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:56","end":"21:56","startHours":20.925266882415183,"endHours":21.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:56","end":"22:56","startHours":21.925266882415183,"endHours":22.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:56","end":"23:56","startHours":22.925266882415183,"endHours":23.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:56","end":"00:56","startHours":23.925266882415183,"endHours":24.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:56","end":"01:56","startHours":24.925266882415183,"endHours":25.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:56","end":"02:56","startHours":25.925266882415183,"endHours":26.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:56","end":"03:56","startHours":26.925266882415183,"endHours":27.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:56","end":"04:56","startHours":27.925266882415183,"endHours":28.925266882415183,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":23.104332229733252,"eotMinutes":-3.4722852044708983,"ayanamsa":24.0415}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Navamī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"mithuna-sankranti","name":"Mithuna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मिथुन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Gemini.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mithuna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 1, 2013 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 1, 2013 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Navamī, sūryodaya 04:56, sūryāsta 18:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-07-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-07-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-07-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-07-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-07-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T22:13:10.034Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T22:13:10.035Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T22:13:10.035Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}