{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2013-01-04:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-01-04","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2013-01-04","date_display":"January 4, 2013 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456296.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867831.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":259.5649,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":158.7055,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":259.1406,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.1406},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":158.7055,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.0388},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":58.2704},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456296.770833,"ahargana":1867831.2708,"kali_year":5114,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0347,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":259.801658,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":155.93205799999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.667},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":282.90415800000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":251.15785800000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":43.058358,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":239.376258,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":195.470458,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":213.3106,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":33.3106,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2013,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456296.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867831.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":259.5649,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":158.7055,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":259.1406,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.1406},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":158.7055,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.0388},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":58.2704},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.667,"elongation":100.859},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.667,"opposition_distance":79.141}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:18","sunsetLocal":"17:06","solarNoonLocal":"11:42","dayLengthHours":10.794316000713248,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 47 Mins 40 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 12 Mins 20 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:44","moonsetLocal":"10:49","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:21","end":"11:42","startHours":10.350202280999946,"endHours":11.699491781089103,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:24","end":"15:45","startHours":14.398070781267414,"endHours":15.74736028135657,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:39","end":"09:00","startHours":7.651623280821635,"endHours":9.000912780910792,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:49","end":"09:11","startHours":8.821007514232237,"endHours":9.180818047589344,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:02","startHours":6.752096947428864,"endHours":7.03994537411455,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:20","end":"12:04","startHours":11.339681247731994,"endHours":12.059302314446212,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:35","startHours":4.863091647304046,"endHours":5.582712714018262,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:18","startHours":5.402807447339708,"endHours":6.302333780732479,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:30","end":"14:13","startHours":13.498544447874643,"endHours":14.21816551458886,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:54","end":"17:18","startHours":16.896649781445728,"endHours":17.296649781445726,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:06","end":"17:33","startHours":17.096649781445727,"endHours":17.546412948142112,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:51","end":"18:36","startHours":16.846649781445727,"endHours":18.596649781445727,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:20","end":"00:04","startHours":23.339681247731992,"endHours":24.05930231444621,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:18","end":"07:39","startHours":6.302333780732479,"endHours":7.651623280821635,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:39","end":"09:00","startHours":7.651623280821635,"endHours":9.000912780910792,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:00","end":"10:21","startHours":9.000912780910792,"endHours":10.350202280999946,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:21","end":"11:42","startHours":10.350202280999946,"endHours":11.699491781089103,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:42","end":"13:03","startHours":11.699491781089103,"endHours":13.04878128117826,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:03","end":"14:24","startHours":13.04878128117826,"endHours":14.398070781267414,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:24","end":"15:45","startHours":14.398070781267414,"endHours":15.74736028135657,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:45","end":"17:06","startHours":15.74736028135657,"endHours":17.096649781445727,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:06","end":"18:45","startHours":17.096649781445727,"endHours":18.74736028135657,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:45","end":"20:24","startHours":18.74736028135657,"endHours":20.398070781267414,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:24","end":"22:03","startHours":20.398070781267414,"endHours":22.048781281178258,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:03","end":"23:42","startHours":22.048781281178258,"endHours":23.6994917810891,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:42","end":"01:21","startHours":23.6994917810891,"endHours":25.350202280999945,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:21","end":"03:00","startHours":25.350202280999945,"endHours":27.00091278091079,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:00","end":"04:39","startHours":27.00091278091079,"endHours":28.651623280821635,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:39","end":"06:18","startHours":28.651623280821635,"endHours":30.30233378073248,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.302333780732479,"endHours":7.302333780732479,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.302333780732479,"endHours":8.302333780732479,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.302333780732479,"endHours":9.302333780732479,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.302333780732479,"endHours":10.302333780732479,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.302333780732479,"endHours":11.302333780732479,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.302333780732479,"endHours":12.302333780732479,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.302333780732479,"endHours":13.302333780732479,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.302333780732479,"endHours":14.302333780732479,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.302333780732479,"endHours":15.302333780732479,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.302333780732479,"endHours":16.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.30233378073248,"endHours":17.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.30233378073248,"endHours":18.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.30233378073248,"endHours":19.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.30233378073248,"endHours":20.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.30233378073248,"endHours":21.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.30233378073248,"endHours":22.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.30233378073248,"endHours":23.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.30233378073248,"endHours":24.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.30233378073248,"endHours":25.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.30233378073248,"endHours":26.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.30233378073248,"endHours":27.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.30233378073248,"endHours":28.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.30233378073248,"endHours":29.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.30233378073248,"endHours":30.30233378073248,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Prajāpati","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-22.717720446538774,"eotMinutes":-5.02390686534617,"ayanamsa":24.0347}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2070,"vikram_samvatsara":"Parābhava","saka_samvat":1935,"saka_samvatsara":"Vijaya","bengali_samvat":1420,"malayalam_era":1189,"nanakshahi_year":544,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2070 Parābhava · Śaka 1935 Vijaya"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 4, 2013 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 4, 2013 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:18, sūryāsta 17:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-01-04","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-01-04","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-01-04","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-01-04","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2013-01-04"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:23:37.970Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T12:23:37.970Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T12:23:37.970Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}