{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2012-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2012-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2012 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456292.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867827.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.4524,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":106.6408,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":211.1883,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.1883},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4,"moon_longitude":106.6408,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.3074},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":2.0932},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":35,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2012,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456292.770833,"ahargana":1867827.2708,"kali_year":5114,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0346,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.72491100000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":104.79781099999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.3057},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":279.76141099999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":244.93551100000002,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":43.42641100000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":234.36781100000007,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":195.165711,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":213.5226,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":33.5226,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2456292.770833,"kali_year":5114,"ahargana":1867827.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.4524,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":106.6408,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":18,"name":"Tṛtīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā","elongation_degrees":211.1883,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.1883},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":4,"moon_longitude":106.6408,"elapsed_within_degrees":13.3074},"yoga":{"number":1,"name":"Viṣkambha","sum_longitude":2.0932},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":35,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.306,"elongation":148.812},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.306,"opposition_distance":31.188}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:17","sunsetLocal":"17:03","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":10.770836797063017,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 15 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 45 Secs","moonriseLocal":"19:03","moonsetLocal":"08:10","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.630966783164792,"endHours":8.977321382797669,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:19","end":"11:40","startHours":10.323675982430546,"endHours":11.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:01","end":"14:22","startHours":13.0163851816963,"endHours":14.362739781329177,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:48","end":"09:09","startHours":8.797807436179951,"endHours":9.156835329415387,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:01","startHours":6.733397050076206,"endHours":7.020619364664554,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:19","end":"12:02","startHours":11.311002688827989,"endHours":12.029058475298855,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:34","startHours":4.848500610590179,"endHours":5.5665563970610465,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:23","end":"06:17","startHours":5.38704245044333,"endHours":6.284612183531914,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:28","end":"14:11","startHours":13.465170048240592,"endHours":14.183225834711461,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:51","end":"17:15","startHours":16.855448980594932,"endHours":17.25544898059493,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:03","end":"17:30","startHours":17.05544898059493,"endHours":17.504233847139226,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:48","end":"18:33","startHours":16.80544898059493,"endHours":18.55544898059493,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:19","end":"00:02","startHours":23.311002688827987,"endHours":24.029058475298857,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:17","end":"07:38","startHours":6.284612183531914,"endHours":7.630966783164792,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.630966783164792,"endHours":8.977321382797669,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:59","end":"10:19","startHours":8.977321382797669,"endHours":10.323675982430546,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:19","end":"11:40","startHours":10.323675982430546,"endHours":11.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:40","end":"13:01","startHours":11.670030582063422,"endHours":13.0163851816963,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:01","end":"14:22","startHours":13.0163851816963,"endHours":14.362739781329177,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:22","end":"15:43","startHours":14.362739781329177,"endHours":15.709094380962055,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:43","end":"17:03","startHours":15.709094380962055,"endHours":17.05544898059493,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:03","end":"18:43","startHours":17.05544898059493,"endHours":18.709094380962053,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:43","end":"20:22","startHours":18.709094380962053,"endHours":20.36273978132918,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:22","end":"22:01","startHours":20.36273978132918,"endHours":22.0163851816963,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:01","end":"23:40","startHours":22.0163851816963,"endHours":23.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:40","end":"01:19","startHours":23.670030582063422,"endHours":25.323675982430544,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:19","end":"02:59","startHours":25.323675982430544,"endHours":26.97732138279767,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:59","end":"04:38","startHours":26.97732138279767,"endHours":28.63096678316479,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:38","end":"06:17","startHours":28.63096678316479,"endHours":30.284612183531912,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.284612183531914,"endHours":7.284612183531914,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.284612183531914,"endHours":8.284612183531914,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.284612183531914,"endHours":9.284612183531914,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.284612183531914,"endHours":10.284612183531914,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.284612183531914,"endHours":11.284612183531914,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.284612183531914,"endHours":12.284612183531914,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.284612183531914,"endHours":13.284612183531914,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.284612183531914,"endHours":14.284612183531914,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.284612183531914,"endHours":15.284612183531914,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.284612183531914,"endHours":16.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.284612183531912,"endHours":17.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.284612183531912,"endHours":18.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.284612183531912,"endHours":19.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.284612183531912,"endHours":20.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.284612183531912,"endHours":21.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.284612183531912,"endHours":22.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.284612183531912,"endHours":23.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.284612183531912,"endHours":24.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.284612183531912,"endHours":25.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.284612183531912,"endHours":26.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.284612183531912,"endHours":27.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.284612183531912,"endHours":28.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.284612183531912,"endHours":29.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.284612183531912,"endHours":30.284612183531912,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Siṃha","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-23.077535956381254,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":24.0346}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2069,"vikram_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","saka_samvat":1934,"saka_samvatsara":"Nandana","bengali_samvat":1419,"malayalam_era":1188,"nanakshahi_year":543,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā · Vikram 2069 Viśvāvasu · Śaka 1934 Nandana"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2012 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2012 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Tṛtīyā, sūryodaya 06:17, sūryāsta 17:03.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T19:03:29.917Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T19:03:29.917Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T19:03:29.917Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}