{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2012-01-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-01-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2012-01-23","date_display":"January 23, 2012 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455949.770833,"kali_year":5113,"ahargana":1867484.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.3163,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":276.724,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.4078,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.4078},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":276.724,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.0574},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":195.0403},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2012,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455949.770833,"ahargana":1867484.2708,"kali_year":5113,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0215,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.397516,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":274.837616,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.1819},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":148.854516,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":268.276116,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":7.513015999999993,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":316.468116,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":185.01241600000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":231.6964,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":51.6964,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2012,"month":1,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455949.770833,"kali_year":5113,"ahargana":1867484.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":278.3163,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":276.724,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.4078,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.4078},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":276.724,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.0574},"yoga":{"number":15,"name":"Vajra","sum_longitude":195.0403},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.182,"elongation":1.592},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.182,"opposition_distance":178.408}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:19","sunsetLocal":"17:18","solarNoonLocal":"11:49","dayLengthHours":10.991554770663292,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 59 Mins 30 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 00 Mins 30 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:07","moonsetLocal":"17:02","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:04","startHours":7.690680254003228,"endHours":9.064624600336138,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:26","end":"11:49","startHours":10.43856894666905,"endHours":11.812513293001963,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:11","end":"14:34","startHours":13.186457639334874,"endHours":14.560401985667784,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:15","startHours":8.881432020825084,"endHours":9.247817179847194,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:46","end":"07:04","startHours":6.774717356447954,"endHours":7.067825483665642,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:27","end":"12:11","startHours":11.446128133979853,"endHours":12.178898452024074,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:35","startHours":4.851195271581878,"endHours":5.5839655896260965,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:19","startHours":5.400773010115042,"endHours":6.316735907670316,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:39","end":"14:23","startHours":13.64443908811251,"endHours":14.377209406156728,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:06","end":"17:30","startHours":17.10829067833361,"endHours":17.50829067833361,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:18","end":"17:46","startHours":17.30829067833361,"endHours":17.766272127111247,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:03","end":"18:48","startHours":17.05829067833361,"endHours":18.80829067833361,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:27","end":"00:11","startHours":23.446128133979855,"endHours":24.17889845202407,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:19","end":"07:41","startHours":6.316735907670316,"endHours":7.690680254003228,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:04","startHours":7.690680254003228,"endHours":9.064624600336138,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:04","end":"10:26","startHours":9.064624600336138,"endHours":10.43856894666905,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:26","end":"11:49","startHours":10.43856894666905,"endHours":11.812513293001963,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:49","end":"13:11","startHours":11.812513293001963,"endHours":13.186457639334874,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:11","end":"14:34","startHours":13.186457639334874,"endHours":14.560401985667784,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:34","end":"15:56","startHours":14.560401985667784,"endHours":15.934346332000697,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:56","end":"17:18","startHours":15.934346332000697,"endHours":17.30829067833361,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:18","end":"18:56","startHours":17.30829067833361,"endHours":18.934346332000697,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:56","end":"20:34","startHours":18.934346332000697,"endHours":20.560401985667788,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:34","end":"22:11","startHours":20.560401985667788,"endHours":22.186457639334876,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:11","end":"23:49","startHours":22.186457639334876,"endHours":23.812513293001963,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:49","end":"01:26","startHours":23.812513293001963,"endHours":25.43856894666905,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:26","end":"03:04","startHours":25.43856894666905,"endHours":27.06462460033614,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:04","end":"04:41","startHours":27.06462460033614,"endHours":28.69068025400323,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:41","end":"06:19","startHours":28.69068025400323,"endHours":30.316735907670317,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.316735907670316,"endHours":7.316735907670316,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.316735907670316,"endHours":8.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.316735907670317,"endHours":9.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.316735907670317,"endHours":10.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.316735907670317,"endHours":11.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.316735907670317,"endHours":12.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.316735907670317,"endHours":13.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.316735907670317,"endHours":14.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.316735907670317,"endHours":15.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.316735907670317,"endHours":16.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.316735907670317,"endHours":17.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.316735907670317,"endHours":18.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.316735907670317,"endHours":19.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.316735907670317,"endHours":20.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.316735907670317,"endHours":21.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.316735907670317,"endHours":22.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.316735907670317,"endHours":23.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.316735907670317,"endHours":24.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.316735907670317,"endHours":25.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.316735907670317,"endHours":26.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.316735907670317,"endHours":27.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.316735907670317,"endHours":28.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":28.316735907670317,"endHours":29.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":29.316735907670317,"endHours":30.316735907670317,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Rākṣasa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-19.61790053142572,"eotMinutes":-11.805197580117738,"ayanamsa":24.0215}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2069,"vikram_samvatsara":"Viśvāvasu","saka_samvat":1934,"saka_samvatsara":"Nandana","bengali_samvat":1419,"malayalam_era":1188,"nanakshahi_year":543,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2069 Viśvāvasu · Śaka 1934 Nandana"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 23, 2012 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 23, 2012 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:19, sūryāsta 17:18.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-01-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-01-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-01-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-01-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2012-01-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T08:57:28.306Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T08:57:28.306Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T08:57:28.306Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}