{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2011-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2011-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2011-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2011 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2011,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455770.770833,"kali_year":5113,"ahargana":1867305.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.102,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":65.3036,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.2016,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.2016},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":65.3036,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.9702},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":165.4055},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2011,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455770.770833,"ahargana":1867305.2708,"kali_year":5113,"ayanamsa_lahiri":24.0146,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.63865499999997,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":65.91225500000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.3232},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":61.495655,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":125.593955,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":14.487255000000005,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":95.117955,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":167.79415500000005,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":241.1806,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":61.1806,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2011,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2455770.770833,"kali_year":5113,"ahargana":1867305.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.102,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":65.3036,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":28,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":325.2016,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.2016},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":65.3036,"elapsed_within_degrees":11.9702},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":165.4055},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":54,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.323,"elongation":34.798},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.323,"opposition_distance":145.202}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:06","sunsetLocal":"18:20","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.233448118005278,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 14 Mins 00 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 00 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:40","moonsetLocal":"16:09","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:22","end":"15:02","startHours":13.372780226024013,"endHours":15.026961240774671,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:06","end":"06:45","startHours":5.101875152270714,"endHours":6.756056167021374,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.410237181772032,"endHours":10.064418196522693,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:11","end":"08:38","startHours":8.189679713138613,"endHours":8.630794650405456,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:39","end":"06:00","startHours":5.653268823854267,"endHours":6.006160773667741,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:10","startHours":11.277484274006511,"endHours":12.159714148540196,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:20","end":"04:13","startHours":3.3374154032033436,"endHours":4.219645277737029,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:00","end":"05:06","startHours":3.9990878091036075,"endHours":5.101875152270714,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:48","startHours":13.924173897607567,"endHours":14.806403772141252,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:08","end":"18:32","startHours":18.135323270275993,"endHours":18.535323270275992,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:20","end":"18:53","startHours":18.335323270275993,"endHours":18.886716941859547,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:05","end":"19:50","startHours":18.085323270275993,"endHours":19.835323270275993,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:10","startHours":23.27748427400651,"endHours":24.159714148540196,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:06","end":"06:45","startHours":5.101875152270714,"endHours":6.756056167021374,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"06:45","end":"08:25","startHours":6.756056167021374,"endHours":8.410237181772032,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.410237181772032,"endHours":10.064418196522693,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.064418196522693,"endHours":11.718599211273354,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.718599211273354,"endHours":13.372780226024013,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:22","end":"15:02","startHours":13.372780226024013,"endHours":15.026961240774671,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:02","end":"16:41","startHours":15.026961240774671,"endHours":16.681142255525334,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:41","end":"18:20","startHours":16.681142255525334,"endHours":18.335323270275993,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:20","end":"19:41","startHours":18.335323270275993,"endHours":19.681142255525334,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:41","end":"21:02","startHours":19.681142255525334,"endHours":21.026961240774675,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:02","end":"22:22","startHours":21.026961240774675,"endHours":22.372780226024013,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:22","end":"23:43","startHours":22.372780226024013,"endHours":23.718599211273354,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:43","end":"01:04","startHours":23.718599211273354,"endHours":25.064418196522695,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:04","end":"02:25","startHours":25.064418196522695,"endHours":26.410237181772032,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:25","end":"03:45","startHours":26.410237181772032,"endHours":27.756056167021374,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:45","end":"05:06","startHours":27.756056167021374,"endHours":29.101875152270715,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":5.101875152270714,"endHours":6.101875152270714,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":6.101875152270714,"endHours":7.101875152270714,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.101875152270714,"endHours":8.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.101875152270715,"endHours":9.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.101875152270715,"endHours":10.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.101875152270715,"endHours":11.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.101875152270715,"endHours":12.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.101875152270715,"endHours":13.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.101875152270715,"endHours":14.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.101875152270715,"endHours":15.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.101875152270715,"endHours":16.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.101875152270715,"endHours":17.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.101875152270715,"endHours":18.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.101875152270715,"endHours":19.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.101875152270715,"endHours":20.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.101875152270715,"endHours":21.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.101875152270715,"endHours":22.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.101875152270715,"endHours":23.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.101875152270715,"endHours":24.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.101875152270715,"endHours":25.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.101875152270715,"endHours":26.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.101875152270715,"endHours":27.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.101875152270715,"endHours":28.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.101875152270715,"endHours":29.101875152270715,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Amṛta","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":19.097580217417704,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":24.0146}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2068,"vikram_samvatsara":"Krodhi","saka_samvat":1933,"saka_samvatsara":"Khara","bengali_samvat":1418,"malayalam_era":1187,"nanakshahi_year":542,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī · Vikram 2068 Krodhi · Śaka 1933 Khara"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2011 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2011 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:06, sūryāsta 18:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2011-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2011-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2011-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2011-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2011-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T20:13:19.409Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-15T20:13:19.409Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-15T20:13:19.409Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}