{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2005-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2005-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2005 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2005,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453579.770833,"kali_year":5107,"ahargana":1865114.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6266,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":6.3679,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":265.7412,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.7412},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":6.3679,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.3679},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":106.9945},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2005,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453579.770833,"ahargana":1865114.2708,"kali_year":5107,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.9308,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.15206699999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":9.810166999999979,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.7108},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":5.904966999999999,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":115.52506699999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":169.321867,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":132.014767,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":97.42316699999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":357.2704,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":177.2704,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2005,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453579.770833,"kali_year":5107,"ahargana":1865114.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.6266,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":6.3679,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":265.7412,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.7412},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":6.3679,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.3679},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":106.9945},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":44,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.711,"elongation":94.259},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.711,"opposition_distance":85.741}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:06","sunsetLocal":"18:20","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.22686587369872,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 37 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 23 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:14","moonsetLocal":"12:02","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:22","end":"15:02","startHours":13.371957445485695,"endHours":15.025315679698032,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:06","end":"06:46","startHours":5.1051662744239925,"endHours":6.758524508636333,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.411882742848672,"endHours":10.065240977061013,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:11","end":"08:38","startHours":8.191434978287027,"endHours":8.632330507410318,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:39","end":"06:01","startHours":5.656285685828106,"endHours":6.0090021091267385,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:10","startHours":11.277703682150063,"endHours":12.159494740396644,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:20","end":"04:13","startHours":3.34158415793083,"endHours":4.223375216177411,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:00","end":"05:06","startHours":4.002927451615766,"endHours":5.1051662744239925,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:48","startHours":13.923076856889807,"endHours":14.804867915136388,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:08","end":"18:32","startHours":18.132032148122715,"endHours":18.532032148122713,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:20","end":"18:53","startHours":18.332032148122714,"endHours":18.883151559526826,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:05","end":"19:50","startHours":18.082032148122714,"endHours":19.832032148122714,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:10","startHours":23.27770368215006,"endHours":24.159494740396646,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:06","end":"06:46","startHours":5.1051662744239925,"endHours":6.758524508636333,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"06:46","end":"08:25","startHours":6.758524508636333,"endHours":8.411882742848672,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.411882742848672,"endHours":10.065240977061013,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.065240977061013,"endHours":11.718599211273354,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.718599211273354,"endHours":13.371957445485695,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:22","end":"15:02","startHours":13.371957445485695,"endHours":15.025315679698032,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:02","end":"16:41","startHours":15.025315679698032,"endHours":16.678673913910373,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:41","end":"18:20","startHours":16.678673913910373,"endHours":18.332032148122714,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:20","end":"19:41","startHours":18.332032148122714,"endHours":19.678673913910373,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:41","end":"21:02","startHours":19.678673913910373,"endHours":21.025315679698032,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:02","end":"22:22","startHours":21.025315679698032,"endHours":22.371957445485695,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:22","end":"23:43","startHours":22.371957445485695,"endHours":23.718599211273354,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:43","end":"01:04","startHours":23.718599211273354,"endHours":25.065240977061013,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:04","end":"02:25","startHours":25.065240977061013,"endHours":26.411882742848675,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:25","end":"03:46","startHours":26.411882742848675,"endHours":27.758524508636334,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:46","end":"05:06","startHours":27.758524508636334,"endHours":29.105166274423993,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":5.1051662744239925,"endHours":6.1051662744239925,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":6.1051662744239925,"endHours":7.1051662744239925,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.1051662744239925,"endHours":8.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.105166274423993,"endHours":9.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.105166274423993,"endHours":10.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.105166274423993,"endHours":11.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.105166274423993,"endHours":12.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.105166274423993,"endHours":13.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.105166274423993,"endHours":14.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.105166274423993,"endHours":15.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.105166274423993,"endHours":16.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.105166274423993,"endHours":17.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.105166274423993,"endHours":18.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.105166274423993,"endHours":19.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.105166274423993,"endHours":20.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.105166274423993,"endHours":21.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.105166274423993,"endHours":22.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.105166274423993,"endHours":23.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.105166274423993,"endHours":24.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.105166274423993,"endHours":25.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.105166274423993,"endHours":26.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.105166274423993,"endHours":27.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.105166274423993,"endHours":28.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.105166274423993,"endHours":29.105166274423993,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":18.994238440272852,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":23.9308}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2062,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vilambī","saka_samvat":1927,"saka_samvatsara":"Pārthiva","bengali_samvat":1412,"malayalam_era":1181,"nanakshahi_year":536,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2062 Vilambī · Śaka 1927 Pārthiva"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2005 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2005 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 05:06, sūryāsta 18:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T10:24:32.648Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T10:24:32.648Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T10:24:32.648Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}