{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2005-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2005-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 2005 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2005,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453430.770833,"kali_year":5106,"ahargana":1864965.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.7693,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.1673,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":238.398,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.398},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":195.1673,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5007},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":151.9367},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2005,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453430.770833,"ahargana":1864965.2708,"kali_year":5106,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.9251,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.62766,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":192.92966,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.7808},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":261.85756000000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":328.8749600000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":174.17206,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":309.05516,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":86.72915999999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":5.1651,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":185.1651,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2005,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453430.770833,"kali_year":5106,"ahargana":1864965.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.7693,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.1673,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":20,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":238.398,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.398},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3,"moon_longitude":195.1673,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5007},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":151.9367},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":39,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.781,"elongation":121.602},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.781,"opposition_distance":58.398}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:59","sunsetLocal":"17:41","solarNoonLocal":"11:50","dayLengthHours":11.696536365930257,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 41 Mins 48 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 18 Mins 12 Secs","moonriseLocal":"21:56","moonsetLocal":"09:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:45","end":"16:13","startHours":14.757279760767808,"endHours":16.21934680650909,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:55","end":"10:22","startHours":8.90901157780268,"endHours":10.371078623543962,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:50","end":"13:18","startHours":11.833145669285244,"endHours":13.295212715026526,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:43","end":"09:06","startHours":8.714069305037174,"endHours":9.103953850568184,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:28","end":"06:47","startHours":6.472233168233876,"endHours":6.784140804658683,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:27","end":"12:13","startHours":11.443261123754235,"endHours":12.223030214816253,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:26","end":"05:12","startHours":4.425339304196081,"endHours":5.205108395258097,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:01","end":"05:59","startHours":5.010166122492594,"endHours":5.984877486320115,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:47","end":"14:34","startHours":13.782568396940285,"endHours":14.562337488002301,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:29","end":"17:53","startHours":17.481413852250373,"endHours":17.881413852250372,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:41","end":"18:10","startHours":17.681413852250373,"endHours":18.168769534164134,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:26","end":"19:11","startHours":17.431413852250373,"endHours":19.181413852250373,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:27","end":"00:13","startHours":23.443261123754237,"endHours":24.22303021481625,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:59","end":"07:27","startHours":5.984877486320115,"endHours":7.446944532061397,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:27","end":"08:55","startHours":7.446944532061397,"endHours":8.90901157780268,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:55","end":"10:22","startHours":8.90901157780268,"endHours":10.371078623543962,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:22","end":"11:50","startHours":10.371078623543962,"endHours":11.833145669285244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:50","end":"13:18","startHours":11.833145669285244,"endHours":13.295212715026526,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:18","end":"14:45","startHours":13.295212715026526,"endHours":14.757279760767808,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:45","end":"16:13","startHours":14.757279760767808,"endHours":16.21934680650909,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:13","end":"17:41","startHours":16.21934680650909,"endHours":17.681413852250373,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:41","end":"19:13","startHours":17.681413852250373,"endHours":19.21934680650909,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:13","end":"20:45","startHours":19.21934680650909,"endHours":20.75727976076781,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:45","end":"22:18","startHours":20.75727976076781,"endHours":22.295212715026526,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:18","end":"23:50","startHours":22.295212715026526,"endHours":23.833145669285244,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:50","end":"01:22","startHours":23.833145669285244,"endHours":25.371078623543962,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:22","end":"02:55","startHours":25.371078623543962,"endHours":26.90901157780268,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:55","end":"04:27","startHours":26.90901157780268,"endHours":28.446944532061398,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:27","end":"05:59","startHours":28.446944532061398,"endHours":29.984877486320116,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":5.984877486320115,"endHours":6.984877486320115,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.984877486320115,"endHours":7.984877486320115,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.984877486320115,"endHours":8.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.984877486320116,"endHours":9.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.984877486320116,"endHours":10.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.984877486320116,"endHours":11.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.984877486320116,"endHours":12.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.984877486320116,"endHours":13.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.984877486320116,"endHours":14.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.984877486320116,"endHours":15.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.984877486320116,"endHours":16.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.984877486320116,"endHours":17.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.984877486320116,"endHours":18.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.984877486320116,"endHours":19.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.984877486320116,"endHours":20.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.984877486320116,"endHours":21.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.984877486320116,"endHours":22.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.984877486320116,"endHours":23.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.984877486320116,"endHours":24.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.984877486320116,"endHours":25.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.984877486320116,"endHours":26.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.984877486320116,"endHours":27.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.984877486320116,"endHours":28.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":28.984877486320116,"endHours":29.984877486320116,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.609487879669214,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":23.9251}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2062,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vilambī","saka_samvat":1927,"saka_samvatsara":"Pārthiva","bengali_samvat":1412,"malayalam_era":1181,"nanakshahi_year":536,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī · Vikram 2062 Vilambī · Śaka 1927 Pārthiva"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 2005 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 2005 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Pañcamī, sūryodaya 05:59, sūryāsta 17:41.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2005-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T23:31:41.185Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-19T23:31:41.185Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-19T23:31:41.185Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}