{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2004-07-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2004-07-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2004-07-28","date_display":"July 28, 2004 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2004,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453214.770833,"kali_year":5106,"ahargana":1864749.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.8723,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":231.7895,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":130.9171,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9171},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":231.7895,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.1228},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":332.6618},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":21,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2004,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453214.770833,"ahargana":1864749.2708,"kali_year":5106,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.9169,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":101.39721300000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":229.518013,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.5909},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":117.56841300000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":128.467713,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":144.118813,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":57.53301299999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":85.30021299999999,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":16.6098,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":196.6098,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2004,"month":7,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2453214.770833,"kali_year":5106,"ahargana":1864749.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":100.8723,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":231.7895,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":11,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":130.9171,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.9171},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":231.7895,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.1228},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":332.6618},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":21,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":5,"name":"Budhavāra (Wednesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.591,"elongation":130.917},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.591,"opposition_distance":49.083}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:06","sunsetLocal":"18:20","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.223299288686498,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 24 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 36 Secs","moonriseLocal":"14:52","moonsetLocal":"01:39","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.718599211273354,"endHours":13.371511622359165,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:46","end":"08:25","startHours":6.759861978015918,"endHours":8.412774389101731,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.065686800187542,"endHours":11.718599211273354,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:12","end":"08:38","startHours":8.192386067623621,"endHours":8.633162710579839,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:39","end":"06:01","startHours":5.6579203706253764,"endHours":6.01054168499035,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:17","end":"12:10","startHours":11.277822568317138,"endHours":12.15937585422957,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:21","end":"04:14","startHours":3.3438429951052395,"endHours":4.225396281017672,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:00","end":"05:06","startHours":4.005007959539564,"endHours":5.106949566930106,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:48","startHours":13.922482426054437,"endHours":14.80403571196687,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:08","end":"18:32","startHours":18.130248855616603,"endHours":18.530248855616602,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:20","end":"18:53","startHours":18.330248855616603,"endHours":18.881219659311874,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:05","end":"19:50","startHours":18.080248855616603,"endHours":19.830248855616603,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:17","end":"00:10","startHours":23.277822568317138,"endHours":24.15937585422957,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"05:06","end":"06:46","startHours":5.106949566930106,"endHours":6.759861978015918,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:46","end":"08:25","startHours":6.759861978015918,"endHours":8.412774389101731,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"08:25","end":"10:04","startHours":8.412774389101731,"endHours":10.065686800187542,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"10:04","end":"11:43","startHours":10.065686800187542,"endHours":11.718599211273354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"11:43","end":"13:22","startHours":11.718599211273354,"endHours":13.371511622359165,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"13:22","end":"15:01","startHours":13.371511622359165,"endHours":15.02442403344498,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:01","end":"16:41","startHours":15.02442403344498,"endHours":16.67733644453079,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"16:41","end":"18:20","startHours":16.67733644453079,"endHours":18.330248855616603,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:20","end":"19:41","startHours":18.330248855616603,"endHours":19.67733644453079,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"19:41","end":"21:01","startHours":19.67733644453079,"endHours":21.02442403344498,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"21:01","end":"22:22","startHours":21.02442403344498,"endHours":22.371511622359165,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"22:22","end":"23:43","startHours":22.371511622359165,"endHours":23.718599211273354,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"23:43","end":"01:04","startHours":23.718599211273354,"endHours":25.065686800187542,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"01:04","end":"02:25","startHours":25.065686800187542,"endHours":26.412774389101727,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"02:25","end":"03:46","startHours":26.412774389101727,"endHours":27.759861978015916,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:46","end":"05:06","startHours":27.759861978015916,"endHours":29.106949566930105,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:06","end":"06:06","startHours":5.106949566930106,"endHours":6.106949566930106,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:06","end":"07:06","startHours":6.106949566930106,"endHours":7.106949566930106,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:06","end":"08:06","startHours":7.106949566930106,"endHours":8.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:06","end":"09:06","startHours":8.106949566930105,"endHours":9.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:06","end":"10:06","startHours":9.106949566930105,"endHours":10.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:06","end":"11:06","startHours":10.106949566930105,"endHours":11.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:06","end":"12:06","startHours":11.106949566930105,"endHours":12.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:06","end":"13:06","startHours":12.106949566930105,"endHours":13.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:06","end":"14:06","startHours":13.106949566930105,"endHours":14.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:06","end":"15:06","startHours":14.106949566930105,"endHours":15.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:06","end":"16:06","startHours":15.106949566930105,"endHours":16.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:06","end":"17:06","startHours":16.106949566930105,"endHours":17.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:06","end":"18:06","startHours":17.106949566930105,"endHours":18.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:06","end":"19:06","startHours":18.106949566930105,"endHours":19.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:06","end":"20:06","startHours":19.106949566930105,"endHours":20.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:06","end":"21:06","startHours":20.106949566930105,"endHours":21.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:06","end":"22:06","startHours":21.106949566930105,"endHours":22.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:06","end":"23:06","startHours":22.106949566930105,"endHours":23.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:06","end":"00:06","startHours":23.106949566930105,"endHours":24.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:06","end":"01:06","startHours":24.106949566930105,"endHours":25.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:06","end":"02:06","startHours":25.106949566930105,"endHours":26.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:06","end":"03:06","startHours":26.106949566930105,"endHours":27.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:06","end":"04:06","startHours":27.106949566930105,"endHours":28.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:06","end":"05:06","startHours":28.106949566930105,"endHours":29.106949566930105,"planetary_lord":"Sun"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"South-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Kāladaṇḍa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":18.93818027093755,"eotMinutes":-6.170352676401169,"ayanamsa":23.9169}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2061,"vikram_samvatsara":"Hemalambī","saka_samvat":1926,"saka_samvatsara":"Tāraṇa","bengali_samvat":1411,"malayalam_era":1180,"nanakshahi_year":535,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Śukla Ekādaśī · Vikram 2061 Hemalambī · Śaka 1926 Tāraṇa"},"festivals":[{"id":"karka-sankranti","name":"Karka Saṅkrānti (Dakṣiṇāyana)","name_sanskrit":"कर्क सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Cancer; Dakṣiṇāyana (south-going) begins. Devatā-rātri begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Karka"},"precedence":2},{"id":"pavitropana-ekadashi","name":"Pavitropanā Ekādaśī (Putradā)","name_sanskrit":"पवित्रोपना एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Confers son; pavitra (sacred thread) ceremony for Viṣṇu.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":11,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"budha-walk","name":"Budha Walk","name_sanskrit":"बुध यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Discrimination + BG 2.41 (vyavasāyātmikā buddhi).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/budha-walk"},"reason":"Budhavāra (Wednesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Jyeṣṭhā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 28, 2004 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 28, 2004 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 05:06, sūryāsta 18:20.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2004-07-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2004-07-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2004-07-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2004-07-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2004-07-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T15:19:45.993Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T15:19:45.993Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T15:19:45.993Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}