{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2003-01-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2003-01-28","date_display":"January 28, 2003 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452667.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864202.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.7745,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":228.9941,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":305.2196,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.2196},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":228.9941,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.3274},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":152.7685},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":50,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452667.770833,"ahargana":1864202.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8959,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.79451200000005,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":228.63401199999998,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.2667},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":223.076912,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":259.754812,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":109.82221200000004,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":237.60891200000003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":58.70901200000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":45.5925,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":225.5925,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452667.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864202.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":283.7745,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":228.9941,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":305.2196,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.2196},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":228.9941,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.3274},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":152.7685},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":50,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.267,"elongation":54.78},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.267,"opposition_distance":125.22}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:18","sunsetLocal":"17:22","solarNoonLocal":"11:50","dayLengthHours":11.07021672691721,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 04 Mins 13 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 55 Mins 47 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:46","moonsetLocal":"13:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:36","end":"15:59","startHours":14.599558048977066,"endHours":15.983335139841717,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:04","end":"10:27","startHours":9.064449685518461,"endHours":10.448226776383112,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:50","end":"13:13","startHours":11.832003867247764,"endHours":13.215780958112415,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:15","startHours":8.879946073403175,"endHours":9.248953297633749,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:03","startHours":6.758154534077377,"endHours":7.053360313461836,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:28","end":"12:12","startHours":11.46299664301719,"endHours":12.201011091478337,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:49","end":"05:34","startHours":4.820866606866865,"endHours":5.558881055328013,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:22","end":"06:18","startHours":5.374377443212726,"endHours":6.29689550378916,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:41","end":"14:25","startHours":13.677039988400633,"endHours":14.41505443686178,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:10","end":"17:34","startHours":17.16711223070637,"endHours":17.567112230706368,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:22","end":"17:50","startHours":17.36711223070637,"endHours":17.828371260994587,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:07","end":"18:52","startHours":17.11711223070637,"endHours":18.86711223070637,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:28","end":"00:12","startHours":23.46299664301719,"endHours":24.20101109147834,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:18","end":"07:41","startHours":6.29689550378916,"endHours":7.680672594653811,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:41","end":"09:04","startHours":7.680672594653811,"endHours":9.064449685518461,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:04","end":"10:27","startHours":9.064449685518461,"endHours":10.448226776383112,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:27","end":"11:50","startHours":10.448226776383112,"endHours":11.832003867247764,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:50","end":"13:13","startHours":11.832003867247764,"endHours":13.215780958112415,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:13","end":"14:36","startHours":13.215780958112415,"endHours":14.599558048977066,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:36","end":"15:59","startHours":14.599558048977066,"endHours":15.983335139841717,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:59","end":"17:22","startHours":15.983335139841717,"endHours":17.36711223070637,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:22","end":"18:59","startHours":17.36711223070637,"endHours":18.983335139841717,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:59","end":"20:36","startHours":18.983335139841717,"endHours":20.599558048977066,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:36","end":"22:13","startHours":20.599558048977066,"endHours":22.215780958112415,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:13","end":"23:50","startHours":22.215780958112415,"endHours":23.832003867247764,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:50","end":"01:27","startHours":23.832003867247764,"endHours":25.448226776383112,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:27","end":"03:04","startHours":25.448226776383112,"endHours":27.06444968551846,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:04","end":"04:41","startHours":27.06444968551846,"endHours":28.68067259465381,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:41","end":"06:18","startHours":28.68067259465381,"endHours":30.29689550378916,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.29689550378916,"endHours":7.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.29689550378916,"endHours":8.296895503789159,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.296895503789159,"endHours":9.296895503789159,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.296895503789159,"endHours":10.296895503789159,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.296895503789159,"endHours":11.296895503789159,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.296895503789159,"endHours":12.296895503789159,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.296895503789159,"endHours":13.296895503789159,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.296895503789159,"endHours":14.296895503789159,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.296895503789159,"endHours":15.296895503789159,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.296895503789159,"endHours":16.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.29689550378916,"endHours":17.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.29689550378916,"endHours":18.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.29689550378916,"endHours":19.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.29689550378916,"endHours":20.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.29689550378916,"endHours":21.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.29689550378916,"endHours":22.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.29689550378916,"endHours":23.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.29689550378916,"endHours":24.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.29689550378916,"endHours":25.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.29689550378916,"endHours":26.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.29689550378916,"endHours":27.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.29689550378916,"endHours":28.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.29689550378916,"endHours":29.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.29689550378916,"endHours":30.29689550378916,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Cara","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-18.344875909335514,"eotMinutes":-12.974632034865841,"ayanamsa":23.8959}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2060,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","saka_samvat":1925,"saka_samvatsara":"Subhānu","bengali_samvat":1410,"malayalam_era":1179,"nanakshahi_year":534,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2060 Durmukhi · Śaka 1925 Subhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2},{"id":"shattila-ekadashi","name":"Ṣaṭ-tilā Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"षट्तिला एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Six uses of tila (sesame) on this Ekādaśī confer mokṣa.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":26,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Māgha"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Jyeṣṭhā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 28, 2003 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 28, 2003 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 06:18, sūryāsta 17:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T22:16:05.486Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T22:16:05.486Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T22:16:05.486Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}