{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2003-01-03:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-03","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2003-01-03","date_display":"January 3, 2003 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":3,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452642.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864177.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":258.1128,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":262.3989,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":4.2861,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2861},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":262.3989,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.0656},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":160.5117},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":3,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452642.770833,"ahargana":1864177.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.895,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":258.33846700000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":260.755367,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.6102},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":206.97166700000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":274.606667,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":112.714267,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":211.611767,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":60.277266999999995,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":46.9171,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":226.9171,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":3,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452642.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864177.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":258.1128,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":262.3989,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":4.2861,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.2861},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":262.3989,"elapsed_within_degrees":9.0656},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":160.5117},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.61,"elongation":4.286},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.61,"opposition_distance":175.714}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-14,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.434,"opposition_distance":2.531}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:18","sunsetLocal":"17:05","solarNoonLocal":"11:42","dayLengthHours":10.78415466489933,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 47 Mins 03 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 12 Mins 57 Secs","moonriseLocal":"06:28","moonsetLocal":"17:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:21","end":"11:42","startHours":10.344231014065219,"endHours":11.692250347177634,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:23","end":"15:44","startHours":14.388289013402467,"endHours":15.736308346514882,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:39","end":"09:00","startHours":7.648192347840386,"endHours":8.996211680952802,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:49","end":"09:11","startHours":8.816475769871147,"endHours":9.175947592034458,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:02","startHours":6.7495127924321086,"endHours":7.037090250162757,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:20","end":"12:03","startHours":11.332778525014325,"endHours":12.051722169340946,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:35","startHours":4.862285726074726,"endHours":5.581229370401348,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:18","startHours":5.401493459319693,"endHours":6.30017301472797,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:29","end":"14:13","startHours":13.489609457994188,"endHours":14.20855310232081,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:53","end":"17:17","startHours":16.8843276796273,"endHours":17.2843276796273,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:05","end":"17:32","startHours":17.0843276796273,"endHours":17.53366745733144,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:50","end":"18:35","startHours":16.8343276796273,"endHours":18.5843276796273,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:20","end":"00:03","startHours":23.332778525014323,"endHours":24.051722169340945,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:18","end":"07:39","startHours":6.30017301472797,"endHours":7.648192347840386,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:39","end":"09:00","startHours":7.648192347840386,"endHours":8.996211680952802,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:00","end":"10:21","startHours":8.996211680952802,"endHours":10.344231014065219,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:21","end":"11:42","startHours":10.344231014065219,"endHours":11.692250347177634,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:42","end":"13:02","startHours":11.692250347177634,"endHours":13.040269680290052,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:02","end":"14:23","startHours":13.040269680290052,"endHours":14.388289013402467,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:23","end":"15:44","startHours":14.388289013402467,"endHours":15.736308346514882,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:44","end":"17:05","startHours":15.736308346514882,"endHours":17.0843276796273,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:05","end":"18:44","startHours":17.0843276796273,"endHours":18.736308346514885,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:44","end":"20:23","startHours":18.736308346514885,"endHours":20.388289013402467,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:23","end":"22:02","startHours":20.388289013402467,"endHours":22.040269680290052,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:02","end":"23:42","startHours":22.040269680290052,"endHours":23.692250347177634,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:42","end":"01:21","startHours":23.692250347177634,"endHours":25.34423101406522,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:21","end":"03:00","startHours":25.34423101406522,"endHours":26.996211680952804,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:00","end":"04:39","startHours":26.996211680952804,"endHours":28.648192347840386,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:39","end":"06:18","startHours":28.648192347840386,"endHours":30.30017301472797,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.30017301472797,"endHours":7.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.30017301472797,"endHours":8.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.30017301472797,"endHours":9.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.30017301472797,"endHours":10.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.30017301472797,"endHours":11.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.30017301472797,"endHours":12.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.30017301472797,"endHours":13.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.30017301472797,"endHours":14.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.30017301472797,"endHours":15.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.30017301472797,"endHours":16.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.30017301472797,"endHours":17.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.30017301472797,"endHours":18.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.30017301472797,"endHours":19.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.30017301472797,"endHours":20.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.30017301472797,"endHours":21.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.30017301472797,"endHours":22.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.30017301472797,"endHours":23.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.30017301472797,"endHours":24.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.30017301472797,"endHours":25.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.30017301472797,"endHours":26.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.30017301472797,"endHours":27.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.30017301472797,"endHours":28.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.30017301472797,"endHours":29.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.30017301472797,"endHours":30.30017301472797,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Maitra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-22.873687744263883,"eotMinutes":-4.589420830658165,"ayanamsa":23.895}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2060,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","saka_samvat":1925,"saka_samvatsara":"Subhānu","bengali_samvat":1410,"malayalam_era":1179,"nanakshahi_year":534,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2060 Durmukhi · Śaka 1925 Subhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 3, 2003 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 3, 2003 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:18, sūryāsta 17:05.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-03","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-03","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-03","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-03","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-03"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T09:43:36.275Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T09:43:36.275Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-24T09:43:36.275Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}