{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2003-01-02:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-02","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2003-01-02","date_display":"January 2, 2003 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452641.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864176.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":257.0847,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.5191,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":351.4344,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4344},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":248.5191,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5191},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":145.6037},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452641.770833,"ahargana":1864176.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8949,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":257.319206,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":246.87200599999994,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.6514},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":206.327406,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":274.574206,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":112.80400599999996,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":210.66110600000002,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":60.354106,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":46.9701,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":226.9701,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2003,"month":1,"day":2,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452641.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864176.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":257.0847,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":248.5191,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":351.4344,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.4344},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3,"moon_longitude":248.5191,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5191},"yoga":{"number":11,"name":"Vṛddhi","sum_longitude":145.6037},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.651,"elongation":8.566},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.651,"opposition_distance":171.434}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-13,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.434,"opposition_distance":2.531}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:18","sunsetLocal":"17:04","solarNoonLocal":"11:41","dayLengthHours":10.778316493342693,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 42 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 18 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:38","moonsetLocal":"16:21","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:02","end":"14:23","startHours":13.032211396423726,"endHours":14.379500958091564,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:18","end":"07:39","startHours":6.295763588084544,"endHours":7.64305314975238,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:59","end":"10:20","startHours":8.990342711420217,"endHours":10.337632273088055,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:49","end":"09:10","startHours":8.810704103197839,"endHours":9.169981319642595,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:02","startHours":6.74486010864049,"endHours":7.032281881796295,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:20","end":"12:03","startHours":11.325644618311134,"endHours":12.044199051200646,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:35","startHours":4.858654722305518,"endHours":5.577209155195031,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:18","startHours":5.397570546972653,"endHours":6.295763588084544,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:29","end":"14:12","startHours":13.481307916979674,"endHours":14.199862349869187,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:52","end":"17:16","startHours":16.874080081427238,"endHours":17.274080081427236,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:04","end":"17:31","startHours":17.074080081427237,"endHours":17.52317660198318,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:49","end":"18:34","startHours":16.824080081427237,"endHours":18.574080081427237,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:20","end":"00:03","startHours":23.325644618311134,"endHours":24.044199051200646,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:18","end":"07:39","startHours":6.295763588084544,"endHours":7.64305314975238,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:39","end":"08:59","startHours":7.64305314975238,"endHours":8.990342711420217,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:59","end":"10:20","startHours":8.990342711420217,"endHours":10.337632273088055,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:20","end":"11:41","startHours":10.337632273088055,"endHours":11.68492183475589,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:41","end":"13:02","startHours":11.68492183475589,"endHours":13.032211396423726,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:02","end":"14:23","startHours":13.032211396423726,"endHours":14.379500958091564,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:23","end":"15:44","startHours":14.379500958091564,"endHours":15.726790519759401,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:44","end":"17:04","startHours":15.726790519759401,"endHours":17.074080081427237,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:04","end":"18:44","startHours":17.074080081427237,"endHours":18.7267905197594,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:44","end":"20:23","startHours":18.7267905197594,"endHours":20.379500958091562,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:23","end":"22:02","startHours":20.379500958091562,"endHours":22.032211396423726,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:02","end":"23:41","startHours":22.032211396423726,"endHours":23.68492183475589,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:41","end":"01:20","startHours":23.68492183475589,"endHours":25.337632273088055,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:20","end":"02:59","startHours":25.337632273088055,"endHours":26.99034271142022,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:59","end":"04:39","startHours":26.99034271142022,"endHours":28.64305314975238,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:39","end":"06:18","startHours":28.64305314975238,"endHours":30.295763588084544,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.295763588084544,"endHours":7.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.295763588084544,"endHours":8.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.295763588084544,"endHours":9.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.295763588084544,"endHours":10.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.295763588084544,"endHours":11.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.295763588084544,"endHours":12.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.295763588084544,"endHours":13.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.295763588084544,"endHours":14.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.295763588084544,"endHours":15.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.295763588084544,"endHours":16.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.295763588084544,"endHours":17.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.295763588084544,"endHours":18.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.295763588084544,"endHours":19.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.295763588084544,"endHours":20.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.295763588084544,"endHours":21.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.295763588084544,"endHours":22.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.295763588084544,"endHours":23.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.295763588084544,"endHours":24.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.295763588084544,"endHours":25.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.295763588084544,"endHours":26.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.295763588084544,"endHours":27.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.295763588084544,"endHours":28.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.295763588084544,"endHours":29.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.295763588084544,"endHours":30.295763588084544,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvaja","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-22.96312855938835,"eotMinutes":-4.149710085353452,"ayanamsa":23.8949}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2060,"vikram_samvatsara":"Durmukhi","saka_samvat":1925,"saka_samvatsara":"Subhānu","bengali_samvat":1410,"malayalam_era":1179,"nanakshahi_year":534,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2060 Durmukhi · Śaka 1925 Subhānu"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 2, 2003 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 2, 2003 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:18, sūryāsta 17:04.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-02","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-02","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-02","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-02","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2003-01-02"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T22:07:30.483Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T22:07:30.483Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T22:07:30.483Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}