{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2002-08-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-08-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-08-31","date_display":"August 31, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452517.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864052.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":132.9038,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":45.7101,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":272.8063,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.8063},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":45.7101,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7101},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":178.6139},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452517.770833,"ahargana":1864052.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8902,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.592243,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":42.895443,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-0.6124},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":127.014543,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":160.69804299999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":102.31694299999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":179.25134300000002,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":63.60144300000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":53.5402,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":233.5402,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452517.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1864052.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":132.9038,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":45.7101,"rashi":2,"rashi_name":"Vṛṣabha"},"tithi":{"number":23,"name":"Aṣṭamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī","elongation_degrees":272.8063,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.8063},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":45.7101,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.7101},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":178.6139},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":45,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.612,"elongation":87.194},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-0.612,"opposition_distance":92.806}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:18","sunsetLocal":"17:55","solarNoonLocal":"11:37","dayLengthHours":12.61236062349598,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 36 Mins 44 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 23 Mins 16 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:54","moonsetLocal":"12:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:28","end":"10:02","startHours":8.460243352069549,"endHours":10.036788430006546,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:11","end":"14:46","startHours":13.189878585880543,"endHours":14.76642366381754,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:18","end":"06:53","startHours":5.307153196195554,"endHours":6.883698274132551,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:15","end":"08:40","startHours":8.250037341677949,"endHours":8.670449362461149,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:50","end":"06:10","startHours":5.8326682221745525,"endHours":6.168997838801112,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:12","end":"12:02","startHours":11.192921487160344,"endHours":12.033745528726744,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:38","end":"04:28","startHours":3.625505113062756,"endHours":4.466329154629155,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:15","end":"05:18","startHours":4.256123144237556,"endHours":5.307153196195554,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:43","end":"14:33","startHours":13.71539361185954,"endHours":14.556217653425938,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:43","end":"18:07","startHours":17.719513819691535,"endHours":18.119513819691534,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:55","end":"18:27","startHours":17.919513819691534,"endHours":18.445028845670535,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:40","end":"19:25","startHours":17.669513819691534,"endHours":19.419513819691534,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:12","end":"00:02","startHours":23.192921487160344,"endHours":24.033745528726744,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:18","end":"06:53","startHours":5.307153196195554,"endHours":6.883698274132551,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:53","end":"08:28","startHours":6.883698274132551,"endHours":8.460243352069549,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:28","end":"10:02","startHours":8.460243352069549,"endHours":10.036788430006546,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:02","end":"11:37","startHours":10.036788430006546,"endHours":11.613333507943544,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:37","end":"13:11","startHours":11.613333507943544,"endHours":13.189878585880543,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:11","end":"14:46","startHours":13.189878585880543,"endHours":14.76642366381754,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:46","end":"16:21","startHours":14.76642366381754,"endHours":16.342968741754536,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:21","end":"17:55","startHours":16.342968741754536,"endHours":17.919513819691534,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:55","end":"19:21","startHours":17.919513819691534,"endHours":19.342968741754536,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:21","end":"20:46","startHours":19.342968741754536,"endHours":20.76642366381754,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:46","end":"22:11","startHours":20.76642366381754,"endHours":22.189878585880543,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:11","end":"23:37","startHours":22.189878585880543,"endHours":23.613333507943544,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:37","end":"01:02","startHours":23.613333507943544,"endHours":25.036788430006546,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:02","end":"02:28","startHours":25.036788430006546,"endHours":26.460243352069547,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:28","end":"03:53","startHours":26.460243352069547,"endHours":27.883698274132552,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:53","end":"05:18","startHours":27.883698274132552,"endHours":29.307153196195554,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":5.307153196195554,"endHours":6.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.307153196195554,"endHours":7.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.307153196195554,"endHours":8.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.307153196195554,"endHours":9.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.307153196195554,"endHours":10.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.307153196195554,"endHours":11.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.307153196195554,"endHours":12.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.307153196195554,"endHours":13.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.307153196195554,"endHours":14.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.307153196195554,"endHours":15.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.307153196195554,"endHours":16.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.307153196195554,"endHours":17.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.307153196195554,"endHours":18.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.307153196195554,"endHours":19.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.307153196195554,"endHours":20.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.307153196195554,"endHours":21.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.307153196195554,"endHours":22.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.307153196195554,"endHours":23.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.307153196195554,"endHours":24.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.307153196195554,"endHours":25.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.307153196195554,"endHours":26.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.307153196195554,"endHours":27.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.307153196195554,"endHours":28.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.307153196195554,"endHours":29.307153196195554,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhātṛ","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":8.761294496399989,"eotMinutes":0.14558952338733633,"ayanamsa":23.8902}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"krishna-janmashtami","name":"Krishna Janmāṣṭamī","name_sanskrit":"कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Krishna (svayaṁ bhagavān)","deity_avatara_index":20,"significance":"Bhagavān Krishna manifested at Mathurā midnight on this exact tithi-nakshatra alignment in 3227 BCE.","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Madhya-rātri (midnight) abhiṣekam in Mathurā tradition","detection":{"tithi_number":23,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","nakshatra_name":"Rohiṇī","lunar_month":"Bhādrapada"},"precedence":1,"related_chart":"krishna","historical_anchor":{"event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","date_julian":"-3226-07-09","location":"Mathurā"},"sources":["Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.3"]},{"id":"simha-sankranti","name":"Siṁha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"सिंह सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Leo.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Siṃha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"krishna-janmashtami-walk","name":"Krishna Janmāṣṭamī Walk","name_sanskrit":"कृष्ण जन्माष्टमी यात्रा","type":"festival","description":"Bhāgavata 10.3 (birth at Mathurā) + BG 4.7-8 + 10.8 (Krishna as svayaṁ bhagavān).","step_count":11,"url":"/walk/krishna-janmashtami-walk"},"reason":"Today is Krishna Janmāṣṭamī — its dedicated walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3226-07-09","event":"Bhagavān Krishna's birth at Mathurā","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī + Rohiṇī","url":"/day/-3226-07-09","relevance":1}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 31, 2002 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 31, 2002 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Aṣṭamī, sūryodaya 05:18, sūryāsta 17:55.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-08-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-08-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-08-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-08-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-08-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T15:10:21.469Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T15:10:21.469Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T15:10:21.469Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}