{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2002-04-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-04-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-04-28","date_display":"April 28, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452392.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863927.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.7819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.7602,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.9783,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9783},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":206.7602,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7602},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":220.542},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452392.770833,"ahargana":1863927.2708,"kali_year":5104,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8854,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.710819000000015,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.338119,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.4756},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":45.830219,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":33.11651899999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":76.48911900000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":38.91121900000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":49.205219,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":60.1633,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":240.1633,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":4,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452392.770833,"kali_year":5104,"ahargana":1863927.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":13.7819,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":206.7602,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":17,"name":"Dvitīyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā","elongation_degrees":192.9783,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.9783},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":206.7602,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7602},"yoga":{"number":17,"name":"Vyatīpāta","sum_longitude":220.542},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":32,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.476,"elongation":167.022},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.476,"opposition_distance":12.978}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:07","sunsetLocal":"18:02","solarNoonLocal":"11:34","dayLengthHours":12.921480675672441,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 55 Mins 17 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 04 Mins 43 Secs","moonriseLocal":"18:53","moonsetLocal":"05:57","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"16:25","end":"18:02","startHours":16.419775750786837,"endHours":18.03496083524589,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:34","end":"13:11","startHours":11.57422049740967,"endHours":13.189405581868726,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:48","end":"16:25","startHours":14.80459066632778,"endHours":16.419775750786837,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:08","end":"08:34","startHours":8.128492317230354,"endHours":8.559208339752768,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:39","end":"06:00","startHours":5.651875187726468,"endHours":5.9964480057444,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:09","end":"12:00","startHours":11.143504474887255,"endHours":12.004936519932084,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:23","end":"04:15","startHours":3.390616069483791,"endHours":4.25204811452862,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:02","end":"05:07","startHours":4.0366901032674125,"endHours":5.11348015957345,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:44","end":"14:35","startHours":13.727800610021742,"endHours":14.58923265506657,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:50","end":"18:14","startHours":17.83496083524589,"endHours":18.23496083524589,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:02","end":"18:34","startHours":18.03496083524589,"endHours":18.57335586339891,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:47","end":"19:32","startHours":17.78496083524589,"endHours":19.53496083524589,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:09","end":"00:00","startHours":23.143504474887255,"endHours":24.004936519932084,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"05:07","end":"06:44","startHours":5.11348015957345,"endHours":6.728665244032505,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"06:44","end":"08:21","startHours":6.728665244032505,"endHours":8.343850328491559,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"08:21","end":"09:58","startHours":8.343850328491559,"endHours":9.959035412950616,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:58","end":"11:34","startHours":9.959035412950616,"endHours":11.57422049740967,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:34","end":"13:11","startHours":11.57422049740967,"endHours":13.189405581868726,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:11","end":"14:48","startHours":13.189405581868726,"endHours":14.80459066632778,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:48","end":"16:25","startHours":14.80459066632778,"endHours":16.419775750786837,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"16:25","end":"18:02","startHours":16.419775750786837,"endHours":18.03496083524589,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:02","end":"19:25","startHours":18.03496083524589,"endHours":19.419775750786833,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"19:25","end":"20:48","startHours":19.419775750786833,"endHours":20.80459066632778,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:48","end":"22:11","startHours":20.80459066632778,"endHours":22.189405581868726,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:11","end":"23:34","startHours":22.189405581868726,"endHours":23.57422049740967,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:34","end":"00:58","startHours":23.57422049740967,"endHours":24.959035412950612,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"00:58","end":"02:21","startHours":24.959035412950612,"endHours":26.34385032849156,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"02:21","end":"03:44","startHours":26.34385032849156,"endHours":27.728665244032506,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:44","end":"05:07","startHours":27.728665244032506,"endHours":29.11348015957345,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:07","end":"06:07","startHours":5.11348015957345,"endHours":6.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:07","end":"07:07","startHours":6.11348015957345,"endHours":7.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:07","end":"08:07","startHours":7.11348015957345,"endHours":8.113480159573449,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:07","end":"09:07","startHours":8.113480159573449,"endHours":9.113480159573449,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:07","end":"10:07","startHours":9.113480159573449,"endHours":10.113480159573449,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:07","end":"11:07","startHours":10.113480159573449,"endHours":11.113480159573449,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:07","end":"12:07","startHours":11.113480159573449,"endHours":12.113480159573449,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:07","end":"13:07","startHours":12.113480159573449,"endHours":13.113480159573449,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:07","end":"14:07","startHours":13.113480159573449,"endHours":14.113480159573449,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:07","end":"15:07","startHours":14.113480159573449,"endHours":15.113480159573449,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:07","end":"16:07","startHours":15.113480159573449,"endHours":16.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:07","end":"17:07","startHours":16.11348015957345,"endHours":17.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:07","end":"18:07","startHours":17.11348015957345,"endHours":18.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:07","end":"19:07","startHours":18.11348015957345,"endHours":19.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:07","end":"20:07","startHours":19.11348015957345,"endHours":20.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:07","end":"21:07","startHours":20.11348015957345,"endHours":21.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:07","end":"22:07","startHours":21.11348015957345,"endHours":22.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:07","end":"23:07","startHours":22.11348015957345,"endHours":23.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:07","end":"00:07","startHours":23.11348015957345,"endHours":24.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:07","end":"01:07","startHours":24.11348015957345,"endHours":25.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:07","end":"02:07","startHours":25.11348015957345,"endHours":26.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:07","end":"03:07","startHours":26.11348015957345,"endHours":27.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:07","end":"04:07","startHours":27.11348015957345,"endHours":28.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:07","end":"05:07","startHours":28.11348015957345,"endHours":29.11348015957345,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Vasanta (Spring)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":14.043219470318919,"eotMinutes":2.4923701554198168,"ayanamsa":23.8854}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Vaiśākha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mēsha (Cittirai / Vaiśākhī)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Vaiśākha Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"mesha-sankranti","name":"Meṣa Saṅkrānti (Vaiśākhī / Vishu / Pohelā Boishākh / Bihu)","name_sanskrit":"मेष सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aries; solar new year. Regional: Vaiśākhī (Punjab) · Vishu (Kerala) · Pohelā Boishākh (Bengal) · Bihu (Assam) · Tamil Puthāṇḍu.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":1},{"id":"baisakhi","name":"Baisakhi (Vaiśākhī)","name_sanskrit":"वैशाखी","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya + Khalsa Pantha (Sikh)","significance":"Punjab New Year + Sikh Khalsa founding day.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Meṣa"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga April 28, 2002 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"April 28, 2002 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Dvitīyā, sūryodaya 05:07, sūryāsta 18:02.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-04-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-04-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-04-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-04-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-04-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T11:04:34.694Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T11:04:34.694Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T11:04:34.694Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}