{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2002-03-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-03-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-03-23","date_display":"March 23, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":3,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452356.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863891.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":338.5285,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":83.6514,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":105.1229,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.1229},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":83.6514,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.6514},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":62.18},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":3,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452356.770833,"ahargana":1863891.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.884,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":338.356095,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":79.92279500000001,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.6537},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":21.173495000000003,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":324.108395,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":72.38649499999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":354.699595,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":45.73189500000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":62.0708,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":242.0708,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":3,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452356.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863891.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":338.5285,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":83.6514,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":105.1229,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":9.1229},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2,"moon_longitude":83.6514,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.6514},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":62.18},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.654,"elongation":105.123},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.654,"opposition_distance":74.877}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:39","sunsetLocal":"17:49","solarNoonLocal":"11:44","dayLengthHours":12.169757978015472,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 10 Mins 11 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 49 Mins 49 Secs","moonriseLocal":"11:47","moonsetLocal":"01:13","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:42","end":"10:13","startHours":8.693569890108831,"endHours":10.214789637360767,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:15","end":"14:47","startHours":13.257229131864634,"endHours":14.778448879116567,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:39","end":"07:10","startHours":5.651130395604963,"endHours":7.172350142856898,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:29","end":"08:54","startHours":8.49074059047524,"endHours":8.896399189742421,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:09","end":"06:29","startHours":6.158203644688941,"endHours":6.482730524102687,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:20","end":"12:09","startHours":11.330350785345516,"endHours":12.14166798387988,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:02","end":"04:50","startHours":4.028495998536234,"endHours":4.839813197070598,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:38","end":"05:39","startHours":4.636983897437007,"endHours":5.651130395604963,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:46","end":"14:35","startHours":13.76430238094861,"endHours":14.575619579482975,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:37","end":"18:01","startHours":17.620888373620435,"endHours":18.020888373620433,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:49","end":"18:20","startHours":17.820888373620434,"endHours":18.32796162270441,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:34","end":"19:19","startHours":17.570888373620434,"endHours":19.320888373620434,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:20","end":"00:09","startHours":23.330350785345516,"endHours":24.141667983879884,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:39","end":"07:10","startHours":5.651130395604963,"endHours":7.172350142856898,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:10","end":"08:42","startHours":7.172350142856898,"endHours":8.693569890108831,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:42","end":"10:13","startHours":8.693569890108831,"endHours":10.214789637360767,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:13","end":"11:44","startHours":10.214789637360767,"endHours":11.7360093846127,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:44","end":"13:15","startHours":11.7360093846127,"endHours":13.257229131864634,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:15","end":"14:47","startHours":13.257229131864634,"endHours":14.778448879116567,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:47","end":"16:18","startHours":14.778448879116567,"endHours":16.2996686263685,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:18","end":"17:49","startHours":16.2996686263685,"endHours":17.820888373620434,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:49","end":"19:18","startHours":17.820888373620434,"endHours":19.2996686263685,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:18","end":"20:47","startHours":19.2996686263685,"endHours":20.778448879116567,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:47","end":"22:15","startHours":20.778448879116567,"endHours":22.257229131864634,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:15","end":"23:44","startHours":22.257229131864634,"endHours":23.7360093846127,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:44","end":"01:13","startHours":23.7360093846127,"endHours":25.214789637360767,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:13","end":"02:42","startHours":25.214789637360767,"endHours":26.69356989010883,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:42","end":"04:10","startHours":26.69356989010883,"endHours":28.172350142856896,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:10","end":"05:39","startHours":28.172350142856896,"endHours":29.651130395604962,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:39","end":"06:39","startHours":5.651130395604963,"endHours":6.651130395604963,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:39","end":"07:39","startHours":6.651130395604963,"endHours":7.651130395604963,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:39","end":"08:39","startHours":7.651130395604963,"endHours":8.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:39","end":"09:39","startHours":8.651130395604962,"endHours":9.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:39","end":"10:39","startHours":9.651130395604962,"endHours":10.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:39","end":"11:39","startHours":10.651130395604962,"endHours":11.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:39","end":"12:39","startHours":11.651130395604962,"endHours":12.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:39","end":"13:39","startHours":12.651130395604962,"endHours":13.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:39","end":"14:39","startHours":13.651130395604962,"endHours":14.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:39","end":"15:39","startHours":14.651130395604962,"endHours":15.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:39","end":"16:39","startHours":15.651130395604962,"endHours":16.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:39","end":"17:39","startHours":16.651130395604962,"endHours":17.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:39","end":"18:39","startHours":17.651130395604962,"endHours":18.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:39","end":"19:39","startHours":18.651130395604962,"endHours":19.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:39","end":"20:39","startHours":19.651130395604962,"endHours":20.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:39","end":"21:39","startHours":20.651130395604962,"endHours":21.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:39","end":"22:39","startHours":21.651130395604962,"endHours":22.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:39","end":"23:39","startHours":22.651130395604962,"endHours":23.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:39","end":"00:39","startHours":23.651130395604962,"endHours":24.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:39","end":"01:39","startHours":24.651130395604962,"endHours":25.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:39","end":"02:39","startHours":25.651130395604962,"endHours":26.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:39","end":"03:39","startHours":26.651130395604962,"endHours":27.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:39","end":"04:39","startHours":27.651130395604962,"endHours":28.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:39","end":"05:39","startHours":28.651130395604962,"endHours":29.651130395604962,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhūmra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":0.8907674148856803,"eotMinutes":-7.214963076761897,"ayanamsa":23.884}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"rama-navami","name":"Rāma Navamī","name_sanskrit":"राम नवमी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Rāma (18th avatāra of Krishna)","deity_avatara_index":18,"significance":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā. Sūryavaṃśa's most exalted moment.","vrata":true,"primary_observance":"Madhyāhna (noon) abhiṣekam in Ayodhyā tradition","detection":{"tithi_number":9,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Caitra"},"precedence":1,"related_chart":"rama","historical_anchor":{"event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","date_julian":"-1626101-04-03","location":"Ayodhyā"},"sources":["Vālmīki Rāmāyaṇa, Bāla-Kāṇḍa 1.18"]},{"id":"mina-sankranti","name":"Mīna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मीन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Pisces; Mīna-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mīna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"rama-navami-walk","name":"Rāma Navamī Walk","name_sanskrit":"राम नवमी यात्रा","type":"festival","description":"Vālmīki Bāla-Kāṇḍa selections + BG 4.7-8 (avatāra principle).","step_count":9,"url":"/walk/rama-navami-walk"},"reason":"Today is Rāma Navamī — its dedicated walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī + Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":1}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 23, 2002 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 23, 2002 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 05:39, sūryāsta 17:49.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-03-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-03-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-03-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-03-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-03-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T09:31:41.814Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T09:31:41.814Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T09:31:41.814Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}