{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2002-01-18:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-01-18","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2002-01-18","date_display":"January 18, 2002 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452292.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863827.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":273.7905,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":326.7135,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":52.923,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.923},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":326.7135,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7135},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":240.504},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452292.770833,"ahargana":1863827.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8816,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":273.88354000000004,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":323.43013999999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4475},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":335.46344,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":290.56974,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":74.46123999999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":274.72194,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":44.45424000000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":65.4618,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":245.4618,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2002,"month":1,"day":18,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452292.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863827.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":273.7905,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":326.7135,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"tithi":{"number":5,"name":"Pañcamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pañcamī","elongation_degrees":52.923,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":4.923},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":326.7135,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.7135},"yoga":{"number":19,"name":"Parigha","sum_longitude":240.504},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":8,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.448,"elongation":52.923},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.448,"opposition_distance":127.077}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:19","sunsetLocal":"17:15","solarNoonLocal":"11:47","dayLengthHours":10.929608559806848,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 55 Mins 47 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 04 Mins 13 Secs","moonriseLocal":"09:11","moonsetLocal":"21:00","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:25","end":"11:47","startHours":10.422046089718972,"endHours":11.78824715969483,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:31","end":"15:53","startHours":14.52064929964654,"endHours":15.886850369622397,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:03","startHours":7.689643949767261,"endHours":9.055845019743117,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:52","end":"09:14","startHours":8.87368487707967,"endHours":9.238005162406564,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:47","end":"07:04","startHours":6.778843236450024,"endHours":7.07029946471154,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:25","end":"12:09","startHours":11.423926874367933,"endHours":12.152567445021724,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:36","startHours":4.866161738483825,"endHours":5.594802309137616,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:25","end":"06:19","startHours":5.412642166474168,"endHours":6.323442879791405,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:37","end":"14:20","startHours":13.609848586329303,"endHours":14.338489156983092,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:03","end":"17:27","startHours":17.053051439598253,"endHours":17.45305143959825,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:15","end":"17:43","startHours":17.253051439598252,"endHours":17.70845179625687,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:00","end":"18:45","startHours":17.003051439598252,"endHours":18.753051439598252,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:25","end":"00:09","startHours":23.423926874367933,"endHours":24.15256744502172,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"06:19","end":"07:41","startHours":6.323442879791405,"endHours":7.689643949767261,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"07:41","end":"09:03","startHours":7.689643949767261,"endHours":9.055845019743117,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"09:03","end":"10:25","startHours":9.055845019743117,"endHours":10.422046089718972,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:25","end":"11:47","startHours":10.422046089718972,"endHours":11.78824715969483,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:47","end":"13:09","startHours":11.78824715969483,"endHours":13.154448229670685,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:09","end":"14:31","startHours":13.154448229670685,"endHours":14.52064929964654,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:31","end":"15:53","startHours":14.52064929964654,"endHours":15.886850369622397,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"15:53","end":"17:15","startHours":15.886850369622397,"endHours":17.253051439598252,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:15","end":"18:53","startHours":17.253051439598252,"endHours":18.886850369622397,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"18:53","end":"20:31","startHours":18.886850369622397,"endHours":20.52064929964654,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:31","end":"22:09","startHours":20.52064929964654,"endHours":22.154448229670685,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:09","end":"23:47","startHours":22.154448229670685,"endHours":23.788247159694826,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:47","end":"01:25","startHours":23.788247159694826,"endHours":25.42204608971897,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:25","end":"03:03","startHours":25.42204608971897,"endHours":27.055845019743117,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"03:03","end":"04:41","startHours":27.055845019743117,"endHours":28.68964394976726,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"04:41","end":"06:19","startHours":28.68964394976726,"endHours":30.323442879791404,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.323442879791405,"endHours":7.323442879791405,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.323442879791405,"endHours":8.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.323442879791404,"endHours":9.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.323442879791404,"endHours":10.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.323442879791404,"endHours":11.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.323442879791404,"endHours":12.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.323442879791404,"endHours":13.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.323442879791404,"endHours":14.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.323442879791404,"endHours":15.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.323442879791404,"endHours":16.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.323442879791404,"endHours":17.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.323442879791404,"endHours":18.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.323442879791404,"endHours":19.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.323442879791404,"endHours":20.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.323442879791404,"endHours":21.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.323442879791404,"endHours":22.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.323442879791404,"endHours":23.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.323442879791404,"endHours":24.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.323442879791404,"endHours":25.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.323442879791404,"endHours":26.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.323442879791404,"endHours":27.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.323442879791404,"endHours":28.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":28.323442879791404,"endHours":29.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":29.323442879791404,"endHours":30.323442879791404,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-20.605981227875176,"eotMinutes":-10.349229581689698,"ayanamsa":23.8816}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2059,"vikram_samvatsara":"Manmatha","saka_samvat":1924,"saka_samvatsara":"Citrabhānu","bengali_samvat":1409,"malayalam_era":1178,"nanakshahi_year":533,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Śukla Pañcamī · Vikram 2059 Manmatha · Śaka 1924 Citrabhānu"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"sarasvati-jayanti","name":"Sarasvatī Jayantī (Vasanta Pañchamī)","name_sanskrit":"सरस्वती जयन्ती / वसन्त पञ्चमी","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sarasvatī (Vāk-tattva)","significance":"Manifestation of Devī Sarasvatī; vidyā-ārambha day; vasanta-ṛtu begins.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":5,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Māgha"},"precedence":2,"sources":["Skanda Purāṇa","Devī Bhāgavata"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 18, 2002 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 18, 2002 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pañcamī, sūryodaya 06:19, sūryāsta 17:15.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-01-18","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-01-18","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-01-18","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-01-18","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2002-01-18"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T14:03:31.670Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-16T14:03:31.670Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-16T14:03:31.670Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}