{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2001-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452274.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863809.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.2944,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.5666,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":186.2722,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.2722},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":81.5666,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.5666},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":336.861},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452274.770833,"ahargana":1863809.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8809,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.542328,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":83.44642799999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.175},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":322.30432799999994,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":270.277028,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":76.81622800000002,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":252.085328,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":45.397227999999984,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":66.4156,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":246.4156,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452274.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863809.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.2944,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":81.5666,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":16,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Pratipada","elongation_degrees":186.2722,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.2722},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1,"moon_longitude":81.5666,"elapsed_within_degrees":1.5666},"yoga":{"number":26,"name":"Indra","sum_longitude":336.861},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":31,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.175,"elongation":173.728},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.175,"opposition_distance":6.272}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:17","sunsetLocal":"17:03","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":10.769251224559525,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 09 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 51 Secs","moonriseLocal":"17:30","moonsetLocal":"06:54","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.6315613728536,"endHours":8.97771777592354,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:19","end":"11:40","startHours":10.323874178993481,"endHours":11.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:01","end":"14:22","startHours":13.016186985133363,"endHours":14.362343388203303,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:48","end":"09:09","startHours":8.798230255514216,"endHours":9.157205296332865,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:01","startHours":6.734123770806973,"endHours":7.021303803461894,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:19","end":"12:02","startHours":11.311055541244771,"endHours":12.029005622882073,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:34","startHours":4.8495048065090565,"endHours":5.567454888146358,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:23","end":"06:17","startHours":5.3879673677370326,"endHours":6.285404969783659,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:28","end":"14:11","startHours":13.464905786156676,"endHours":14.182855867793977,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:51","end":"17:15","startHours":16.854656194343185,"endHours":17.254656194343184,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:03","end":"17:30","startHours":17.054656194343185,"endHours":17.5033749953665,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:48","end":"18:33","startHours":16.804656194343185,"endHours":18.554656194343185,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:19","end":"00:02","startHours":23.31105554124477,"endHours":24.029005622882075,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:17","end":"07:38","startHours":6.285404969783659,"endHours":7.6315613728536,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.6315613728536,"endHours":8.97771777592354,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:59","end":"10:19","startHours":8.97771777592354,"endHours":10.323874178993481,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:19","end":"11:40","startHours":10.323874178993481,"endHours":11.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:40","end":"13:01","startHours":11.670030582063422,"endHours":13.016186985133363,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:01","end":"14:22","startHours":13.016186985133363,"endHours":14.362343388203303,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:22","end":"15:43","startHours":14.362343388203303,"endHours":15.708499791273244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:43","end":"17:03","startHours":15.708499791273244,"endHours":17.054656194343185,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:03","end":"18:43","startHours":17.054656194343185,"endHours":18.708499791273244,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:43","end":"20:22","startHours":18.708499791273244,"endHours":20.362343388203303,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:22","end":"22:01","startHours":20.362343388203303,"endHours":22.016186985133363,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:01","end":"23:40","startHours":22.016186985133363,"endHours":23.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:40","end":"01:19","startHours":23.670030582063422,"endHours":25.32387417899348,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:19","end":"02:59","startHours":25.32387417899348,"endHours":26.97771777592354,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:59","end":"04:38","startHours":26.97771777592354,"endHours":28.6315613728536,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:38","end":"06:17","startHours":28.6315613728536,"endHours":30.28540496978366,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.285404969783659,"endHours":7.285404969783659,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.285404969783659,"endHours":8.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.28540496978366,"endHours":9.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.28540496978366,"endHours":10.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.28540496978366,"endHours":11.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.28540496978366,"endHours":12.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.28540496978366,"endHours":13.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.28540496978366,"endHours":14.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.28540496978366,"endHours":15.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.28540496978366,"endHours":16.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.28540496978366,"endHours":17.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.28540496978366,"endHours":18.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.28540496978366,"endHours":19.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.28540496978366,"endHours":20.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.28540496978366,"endHours":21.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.28540496978366,"endHours":22.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.28540496978366,"endHours":23.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.28540496978366,"endHours":24.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.28540496978366,"endHours":25.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.28540496978366,"endHours":26.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.28540496978366,"endHours":27.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.28540496978366,"endHours":28.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.28540496978366,"endHours":29.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.28540496978366,"endHours":30.28540496978366,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.10176219726863,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":23.8809}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pratipada · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 2001 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 2001 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Pratipada, sūryodaya 06:17, sūryāsta 17:03.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T20:56:57.719Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T20:56:57.719Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T20:56:57.719Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}