{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2001-08-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-08-31","date_display":"August 31, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452152.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863687.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.1531,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":280.8788,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":147.7257,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.7257},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1,"moon_longitude":280.8788,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8788},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":54.0319},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452152.770833,"ahargana":1863687.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8762,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.840489,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":282.58728900000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-2.1109},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":241.905489,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":154.56998899999996,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":75.829789,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":100.731089,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":50.381688999999994,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":72.8797,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":252.8797,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":8,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452152.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863687.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":133.1531,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":280.8788,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"tithi":{"number":13,"name":"Trayodaśī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Trayodaśī","elongation_degrees":147.7257,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":3.7257},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1,"moon_longitude":280.8788,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8788},"yoga":{"number":5,"name":"Śobhana","sum_longitude":54.0319},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":24,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":0,"name":"Śukravāra (Friday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.111,"elongation":147.726},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-2.111,"opposition_distance":32.274}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:19","sunsetLocal":"17:55","solarNoonLocal":"11:37","dayLengthHours":12.607367039571088,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 36 Mins 27 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 23 Mins 33 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:01","moonsetLocal":"03:02","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"10:02","end":"11:37","startHours":10.03741262799716,"endHours":11.613333507943544,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"14:46","end":"16:20","startHours":14.765175267836316,"endHours":16.341096147782704,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"06:53","end":"08:28","startHours":6.885570868104387,"endHours":8.461491748050772,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:15","end":"08:40","startHours":8.25136896405792,"endHours":8.671614532043625,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:50","end":"06:10","startHours":5.83495694814013,"endHours":6.1711534025286925,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:12","end":"12:02","startHours":11.193087939957842,"endHours":12.033579075929246,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:38","end":"04:28","startHours":3.6286677162151895,"endHours":4.469158852186595,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:16","end":"05:19","startHours":4.259036068193744,"endHours":5.309649988158001,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:43","end":"14:33","startHours":13.71456134787206,"endHours":14.555052483843467,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:43","end":"18:07","startHours":17.71701702772909,"endHours":18.117017027729087,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:55","end":"18:27","startHours":17.917017027729088,"endHours":18.442323987711216,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:40","end":"19:25","startHours":17.667017027729088,"endHours":19.417017027729088,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:12","end":"00:02","startHours":23.19308793995784,"endHours":24.033579075929246,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"05:19","end":"06:53","startHours":5.309649988158001,"endHours":6.885570868104387,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"06:53","end":"08:28","startHours":6.885570868104387,"endHours":8.461491748050772,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"08:28","end":"10:02","startHours":8.461491748050772,"endHours":10.03741262799716,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"10:02","end":"11:37","startHours":10.03741262799716,"endHours":11.613333507943544,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"11:37","end":"13:11","startHours":11.613333507943544,"endHours":13.189254387889932,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"13:11","end":"14:46","startHours":13.189254387889932,"endHours":14.765175267836316,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"14:46","end":"16:20","startHours":14.765175267836316,"endHours":16.341096147782704,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"16:20","end":"17:55","startHours":16.341096147782704,"endHours":17.917017027729088,"quality":"neutral"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"17:55","end":"19:20","startHours":17.917017027729088,"endHours":19.3410961477827,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"19:20","end":"20:46","startHours":19.3410961477827,"endHours":20.765175267836316,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"20:46","end":"22:11","startHours":20.765175267836316,"endHours":22.18925438788993,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"22:11","end":"23:37","startHours":22.18925438788993,"endHours":23.613333507943544,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"23:37","end":"01:02","startHours":23.613333507943544,"endHours":25.037412627997156,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"01:02","end":"02:28","startHours":25.037412627997156,"endHours":26.461491748050772,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"02:28","end":"03:53","startHours":26.461491748050772,"endHours":27.885570868104388,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"03:53","end":"05:19","startHours":27.885570868104388,"endHours":29.309649988158,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":5.309649988158001,"endHours":6.309649988158001,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.309649988158001,"endHours":7.309649988158001,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.309649988158001,"endHours":8.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.309649988158,"endHours":9.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.309649988158,"endHours":10.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.309649988158,"endHours":11.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.309649988158,"endHours":12.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.309649988158,"endHours":13.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.309649988158,"endHours":14.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.309649988158,"endHours":15.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.309649988158,"endHours":16.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.309649988158,"endHours":17.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.309649988158,"endHours":18.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.309649988158,"endHours":19.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.309649988158,"endHours":20.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.309649988158,"endHours":21.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.309649988158,"endHours":22.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.309649988158,"endHours":23.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.309649988158,"endHours":24.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.309649988158,"endHours":25.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.309649988158,"endHours":26.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.309649988158,"endHours":27.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.309649988158,"endHours":28.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":28.309649988158,"endHours":29.309649988158,"planetary_lord":"Mars"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"South-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Padma","quality":"Auspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":8.674150648219458,"eotMinutes":0.14558952338733633,"ayanamsa":23.8762}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada (Adhika) Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_amanta":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_is_adhika":true,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":true,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":true,"solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada (Adhika) Śukla Trayodaśī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"pradosha-vrata","name":"Pradoṣa Vrata","name_sanskrit":"प्रदोष व्रत","tradition":"Shaiva","associated_deity":"Śiva","significance":"Twilight worship of Śiva on Trayodaśī.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":13},{"tithi_number":28}]},"precedence":7}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shukra-walk","name":"Śukra Walk","name_sanskrit":"शुक्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Beauty + creativity in dharma + BG 10.36.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/shukra-walk"},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Pradoṣa Vrata is not live yet; Śukravāra (Friday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 31, 2001 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 31, 2001 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Trayodaśī, sūryodaya 05:19, sūryāsta 17:55.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-05T13:53:03.492Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-05T13:53:03.492Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-05T13:53:03.492Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}