{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2001-08-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-08-28","date_display":"August 28, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":8,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452149.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863684.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":130.2653,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":243.3432,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":113.0779,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.0779},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2,"moon_longitude":243.3432,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.3432},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":13.6085},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":8,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452149.770833,"ahargana":1863684.2708,"kali_year":5103,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8761,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":130.941304,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":246.53460399999994,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":0.7571},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":240.57490399999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":149.955404,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":75.320604,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":97.15340400000002,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":50.23280399999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":4,"name":"Rohiṇī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":73.0387,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":253.0387,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":8,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2452149.770833,"kali_year":5103,"ahargana":1863684.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":130.2653,"rashi":5,"rashi_name":"Siṃha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":243.3432,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":10,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Daśamī","elongation_degrees":113.0779,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.0779},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2,"moon_longitude":243.3432,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.3432},"yoga":{"number":2,"name":"Prīti","sum_longitude":13.6085},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":18,"name":"Taitila"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.757,"elongation":113.078},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":0.757,"opposition_distance":66.922}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:18","sunsetLocal":"17:58","solarNoonLocal":"11:38","dayLengthHours":12.668847305889406,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 40 Mins 08 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 19 Mins 52 Secs","moonriseLocal":"13:59","moonsetLocal":"00:41","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:48","end":"16:23","startHours":14.796480638488754,"endHours":16.38008655172493,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:28","end":"10:03","startHours":8.462056985544052,"endHours":10.045662898780227,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:38","end":"13:13","startHours":11.629268812016402,"endHours":13.212874725252579,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:15","end":"08:40","startHours":8.250909530445895,"endHours":8.673204440642209,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:49","end":"06:10","startHours":5.822713796817093,"endHours":6.160549724974143,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:12","end":"12:03","startHours":11.206973901820088,"endHours":12.051563722212716,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:36","end":"04:27","startHours":3.605665518286446,"endHours":4.4502553386790735,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:14","end":"05:18","startHours":4.239107883580917,"endHours":5.2948451590717,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:44","end":"14:35","startHours":13.740743362997971,"endHours":14.585333183390599,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:46","end":"18:10","startHours":17.763692464961107,"endHours":18.163692464961105,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:58","end":"18:29","startHours":17.963692464961106,"endHours":18.4915611027065,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:43","end":"19:28","startHours":17.713692464961106,"endHours":19.463692464961106,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:12","end":"00:03","startHours":23.20697390182009,"endHours":24.051563722212716,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"05:18","end":"06:53","startHours":5.2948451590717,"endHours":6.878451072307876,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:53","end":"08:28","startHours":6.878451072307876,"endHours":8.462056985544052,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:28","end":"10:03","startHours":8.462056985544052,"endHours":10.045662898780227,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:03","end":"11:38","startHours":10.045662898780227,"endHours":11.629268812016402,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:38","end":"13:13","startHours":11.629268812016402,"endHours":13.212874725252579,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:13","end":"14:48","startHours":13.212874725252579,"endHours":14.796480638488754,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:48","end":"16:23","startHours":14.796480638488754,"endHours":16.38008655172493,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:23","end":"17:58","startHours":16.38008655172493,"endHours":17.963692464961106,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:58","end":"19:23","startHours":17.963692464961106,"endHours":19.38008655172493,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:23","end":"20:48","startHours":19.38008655172493,"endHours":20.796480638488756,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:48","end":"22:13","startHours":20.796480638488756,"endHours":22.21287472525258,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:13","end":"23:38","startHours":22.21287472525258,"endHours":23.629268812016402,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:38","end":"01:03","startHours":23.629268812016402,"endHours":25.04566289878023,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:03","end":"02:28","startHours":25.04566289878023,"endHours":26.462056985544052,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:28","end":"03:53","startHours":26.462056985544052,"endHours":27.878451072307875,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:53","end":"05:18","startHours":27.878451072307875,"endHours":29.2948451590717,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":5.2948451590717,"endHours":6.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.2948451590717,"endHours":7.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.2948451590717,"endHours":8.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.2948451590717,"endHours":9.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.2948451590717,"endHours":10.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.2948451590717,"endHours":11.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.2948451590717,"endHours":12.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.2948451590717,"endHours":13.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.2948451590717,"endHours":14.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.2948451590717,"endHours":15.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.2948451590717,"endHours":16.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.2948451590717,"endHours":17.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.2948451590717,"endHours":18.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.2948451590717,"endHours":19.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.2948451590717,"endHours":20.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.2948451590717,"endHours":21.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.2948451590717,"endHours":22.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.2948451590717,"endHours":23.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.2948451590717,"endHours":24.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.2948451590717,"endHours":25.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.2948451590717,"endHours":26.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.2948451590717,"endHours":27.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.2948451590717,"endHours":28.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.2948451590717,"endHours":29.2948451590717,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":9.743455058415012,"eotMinutes":-0.8105287209842176,"ayanamsa":23.8761}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Bhādrapada","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Bhādrapada Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Siṃha (Āvaṇi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Bhādrapada Śukla Daśamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"simha-sankranti","name":"Siṁha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"सिंह सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Leo.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Siṃha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga August 28, 2001 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"August 28, 2001 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Daśamī, sūryodaya 05:18, sūryāsta 17:58.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-08-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T03:49:52.355Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T03:49:52.355Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T03:49:52.355Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}