{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2001-01-15:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-15","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-01-15","date_display":"January 15, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":15,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451924.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863459.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":270.9765,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":158.9936,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.0171,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.0171},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":158.9936,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.3269},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":69.97},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":15,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451924.770833,"ahargana":1863459.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8675,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":271.08939999999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":162.56449999999995,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":4.3261},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":199.16219999999998,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":283.62379999999996,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":37.47090000000003,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":318.14239999999995,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":30.192000000000007,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":84.9602,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":264.9602,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":15,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451924.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863459.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":270.9765,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":158.9936,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":248.0171,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":8.0171},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":158.9936,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.3269},"yoga":{"number":6,"name":"Atigaṇḍa","sum_longitude":69.97},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":41,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.326,"elongation":111.983},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":4.326,"opposition_distance":68.017}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-5,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.182,"opposition_distance":1.705}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:19","sunsetLocal":"17:13","solarNoonLocal":"11:46","dayLengthHours":10.89599195521268,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 53 Mins 46 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 06 Mins 14 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:34","moonsetLocal":"10:30","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:03","startHours":7.685595507564133,"endHours":9.047594501965719,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:25","end":"11:46","startHours":10.409593496367304,"endHours":11.771592490768889,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:08","end":"14:30","startHours":13.133591485170474,"endHours":14.495590479572058,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:52","end":"09:14","startHours":8.865994636045507,"endHours":9.22919436788593,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:47","end":"07:04","startHours":6.777596177963076,"endHours":7.068155963435414,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:25","end":"12:08","startHours":11.408392758928466,"endHours":12.134792222609311,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:36","startHours":4.870797585800858,"endHours":5.597197049481703,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:25","end":"06:19","startHours":5.415597183561491,"endHours":6.323596513162548,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:35","end":"14:19","startHours":13.587591149971,"endHours":14.313990613651846,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:01","end":"17:25","startHours":17.01958846837523,"endHours":17.419588468375228,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:13","end":"17:40","startHours":17.21958846837523,"endHours":17.673588133175755,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:58","end":"18:43","startHours":16.96958846837523,"endHours":18.71958846837523,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:25","end":"00:08","startHours":23.408392758928468,"endHours":24.13479222260931,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:19","end":"07:41","startHours":6.323596513162548,"endHours":7.685595507564133,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:41","end":"09:03","startHours":7.685595507564133,"endHours":9.047594501965719,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"09:03","end":"10:25","startHours":9.047594501965719,"endHours":10.409593496367304,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:25","end":"11:46","startHours":10.409593496367304,"endHours":11.771592490768889,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:46","end":"13:08","startHours":11.771592490768889,"endHours":13.133591485170474,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:08","end":"14:30","startHours":13.133591485170474,"endHours":14.495590479572058,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:30","end":"15:51","startHours":14.495590479572058,"endHours":15.857589473973643,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:51","end":"17:13","startHours":15.857589473973643,"endHours":17.21958846837523,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:13","end":"18:51","startHours":17.21958846837523,"endHours":18.857589473973643,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:51","end":"20:30","startHours":18.857589473973643,"endHours":20.49559047957206,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:30","end":"22:08","startHours":20.49559047957206,"endHours":22.133591485170474,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:08","end":"23:46","startHours":22.133591485170474,"endHours":23.77159249076889,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:46","end":"01:25","startHours":23.77159249076889,"endHours":25.409593496367304,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:25","end":"03:03","startHours":25.409593496367304,"endHours":27.04759450196572,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"03:03","end":"04:41","startHours":27.04759450196572,"endHours":28.685595507564134,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:41","end":"06:19","startHours":28.685595507564134,"endHours":30.32359651316255,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.323596513162548,"endHours":7.323596513162548,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.323596513162548,"endHours":8.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.32359651316255,"endHours":9.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.32359651316255,"endHours":10.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.32359651316255,"endHours":11.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.32359651316255,"endHours":12.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.32359651316255,"endHours":13.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.32359651316255,"endHours":14.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.32359651316255,"endHours":15.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.32359651316255,"endHours":16.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.32359651316255,"endHours":17.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.32359651316255,"endHours":18.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.32359651316255,"endHours":19.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.32359651316255,"endHours":20.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.32359651316255,"endHours":21.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.32359651316255,"endHours":22.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.32359651316255,"endHours":23.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.32359651316255,"endHours":24.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.32359651316255,"endHours":25.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.32359651316255,"endHours":26.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.32359651316255,"endHours":27.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.32359651316255,"endHours":28.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":28.32359651316255,"endHours":29.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":29.32359651316255,"endHours":30.32359651316255,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-21.13670264533962,"eotMinutes":-9.349949446133257,"ayanamsa":23.8675}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"makara-sankranti","name":"Makara Saṅkrānti (Uttarāyaṇa)","name_sanskrit":"मकर सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Capricorn; Uttarāyaṇa (north-going) begins. Bhīṣma's chosen mahaprasthāna time.","vrata":true,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":1,"sources":["Mahābhārata Bhīṣma-Stuti","Sūrya-Siddhānta"]},{"id":"pongal","name":"Pongal / Thai Pongal","name_sanskrit":"पोङ्गल","tradition":"Regional","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Tamil 4-day harvest festival; coincides with Makara Saṅkrānti.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Makara"},"precedence":2}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 15, 2001 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 15, 2001 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:19, sūryāsta 17:13.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-15","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-15","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-15","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-15","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-15"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T12:50:18.133Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-24T12:50:18.133Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-24T12:50:18.133Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}