{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2001-01-04:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-04","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2001-01-04","date_display":"January 4, 2001 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451913.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863448.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":259.6729,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":5.8897,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":106.2167,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.2167},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":5.8897,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8897},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":265.5626},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451913.770833,"ahargana":1863448.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8671,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":259.881221,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":2.776221000000021,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-4.4267},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":192.81492100000003,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":265.40852100000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":38.06132100000002,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":306.43572100000006,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":30.503520999999978,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":85.5431,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":265.5431,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2001,"month":1,"day":4,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451913.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863448.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":259.6729,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":5.8897,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":9,"name":"Navamī","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Navamī","elongation_degrees":106.2167,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.2167},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":2,"moon_longitude":5.8897,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.8897},"yoga":{"number":20,"name":"Śiva","sum_longitude":265.5626},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":17,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.427,"elongation":106.217},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-4.427,"opposition_distance":73.783}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":6,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.182,"opposition_distance":1.705}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:18","sunsetLocal":"17:06","solarNoonLocal":"11:42","dayLengthHours":10.793727046833578,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 47 Mins 37 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 12 Mins 23 Secs","moonriseLocal":"12:14","moonsetLocal":"00:53","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:03","end":"14:24","startHours":13.0487076619433,"endHours":14.397923542797496,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"06:18","end":"07:39","startHours":6.302628257672313,"endHours":7.65184413852651,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"09:00","end":"10:21","startHours":9.001060019380708,"endHours":10.350275900234905,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:49","end":"09:11","startHours":8.821164568600148,"endHours":9.180955470161267,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:02","startHours":6.752366884623712,"endHours":7.0401996058726075,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:20","end":"12:04","startHours":11.339700879527983,"endHours":12.059282682650222,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:35","startHours":4.863464651427837,"endHours":5.583046454550074,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:18","startHours":5.403151003769515,"endHours":6.302628257672313,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:30","end":"14:13","startHours":13.498446288894698,"endHours":14.218028092016937,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:54","end":"17:18","startHours":16.896355304505892,"endHours":17.29635530450589,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:06","end":"17:33","startHours":17.09635530450589,"endHours":17.54609393145729,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:51","end":"18:36","startHours":16.84635530450589,"endHours":18.59635530450589,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:20","end":"00:04","startHours":23.33970087952798,"endHours":24.05928268265022,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"06:18","end":"07:39","startHours":6.302628257672313,"endHours":7.65184413852651,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"07:39","end":"09:00","startHours":7.65184413852651,"endHours":9.001060019380708,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"09:00","end":"10:21","startHours":9.001060019380708,"endHours":10.350275900234905,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:21","end":"11:42","startHours":10.350275900234905,"endHours":11.699491781089101,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:42","end":"13:03","startHours":11.699491781089101,"endHours":13.0487076619433,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:03","end":"14:24","startHours":13.0487076619433,"endHours":14.397923542797496,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"14:24","end":"15:45","startHours":14.397923542797496,"endHours":15.747139423651692,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:45","end":"17:06","startHours":15.747139423651692,"endHours":17.09635530450589,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"17:06","end":"18:45","startHours":17.09635530450589,"endHours":18.747139423651696,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:45","end":"20:24","startHours":18.747139423651696,"endHours":20.397923542797496,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"20:24","end":"22:03","startHours":20.397923542797496,"endHours":22.0487076619433,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:03","end":"23:42","startHours":22.0487076619433,"endHours":23.6994917810891,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:42","end":"01:21","startHours":23.6994917810891,"endHours":25.350275900234905,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:21","end":"03:00","startHours":25.350275900234905,"endHours":27.00106001938071,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"03:00","end":"04:39","startHours":27.00106001938071,"endHours":28.651844138526513,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:39","end":"06:18","startHours":28.651844138526513,"endHours":30.302628257672314,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.302628257672313,"endHours":7.302628257672313,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.302628257672313,"endHours":8.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.302628257672314,"endHours":9.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.302628257672314,"endHours":10.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.302628257672314,"endHours":11.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.302628257672314,"endHours":12.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.302628257672314,"endHours":13.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.302628257672314,"endHours":14.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.302628257672314,"endHours":15.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.302628257672314,"endHours":16.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.302628257672314,"endHours":17.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.302628257672314,"endHours":18.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.302628257672314,"endHours":19.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.302628257672314,"endHours":20.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.302628257672314,"endHours":21.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.302628257672314,"endHours":22.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.302628257672314,"endHours":23.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.302628257672314,"endHours":24.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.302628257672314,"endHours":25.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.302628257672314,"endHours":26.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.302628257672314,"endHours":27.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.302628257672314,"endHours":28.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.302628257672314,"endHours":29.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.302628257672314,"endHours":30.302628257672314,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"drikRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-22.72677058724439,"eotMinutes":-5.02390686534617,"ayanamsa":23.8671}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2058,"vikram_samvatsara":"Jaya","saka_samvat":1923,"saka_samvatsara":"Vṛṣa","bengali_samvat":1408,"malayalam_era":1177,"nanakshahi_year":532,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Navamī · Vikram 2058 Jaya · Śaka 1923 Vṛṣa"},"festivals":[{"id":"lohri","name":"Lohri","name_sanskrit":"लोहड़ी","tradition":"Regional","significance":"Punjab harvest festival; eve of Makara Saṅkrānti. (Approximated as 13/14 January annually; correct via Sun in Dhanu/Makara cusp.)","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":4},{"id":"dhanu-sankranti","name":"Dhanu Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"धनु सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Sagittarius; Dhanu-māsa (Khara-māsa).","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Dhanu"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3101-02-18","event":"Kali Yuga Epoch","chart_id":"kali-yuga-epoch","shared_marker":"same Aśvinī","url":"/day/-3101-02-18","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Śukla Navamī","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 4, 2001 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 4, 2001 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Navamī, sūryodaya 06:18, sūryāsta 17:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-04","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-04","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-04","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-04","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2001-01-04"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T06:33:45.665Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T06:33:45.665Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T06:33:45.665Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}