{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2000-12-25:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-12-25","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-12-25","date_display":"December 25, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":12,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451903.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863438.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":249.3926,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":242.6878,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":353.2952,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.2952},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1,"moon_longitude":242.6878,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6878},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":132.0804},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":12,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451903.770833,"ahargana":1863438.2708,"kali_year":5102,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8667,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":249.68980299999998,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":242.1466029999999,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":false,"latitude":1.7845},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":186.947903,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":249.25190299999997,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":38.92000300000001,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":295.3253030000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":30.96450299999998,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":86.0729,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":266.0729,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":12,"day":25,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451903.770833,"kali_year":5102,"ahargana":1863438.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":249.3926,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":242.6878,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":353.2952,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.2952},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1,"moon_longitude":242.6878,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6878},"yoga":{"number":10,"name":"Gaṇḍa","sum_longitude":132.0804},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":58,"name":"Catuṣpāda"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.785,"elongation":6.705},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":1.785,"opposition_distance":173.295}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":16,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.182,"opposition_distance":1.705}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:15","sunsetLocal":"17:00","solarNoonLocal":"11:37","dayLengthHours":10.750427184301337,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 45 Mins 02 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 14 Mins 58 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:46","moonsetLocal":"16:29","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:36","end":"08:56","startHours":7.592574088254823,"endHours":8.93637748629249,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:17","end":"11:37","startHours":10.280180884330157,"endHours":11.623984282367825,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:58","end":"14:19","startHours":12.967787680405491,"endHours":14.311591078443158,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:45","end":"09:07","startHours":8.757203699887468,"endHours":9.115551272697513,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:42","end":"06:59","startHours":6.6967051562297115,"endHours":6.9833832144777475,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:16","end":"11:59","startHours":11.26563670955778,"endHours":11.98233185517787,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:49","end":"05:32","startHours":4.815380398976977,"endHours":5.532075544597067,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:21","end":"06:15","startHours":5.352901758192044,"endHours":6.248770690217156,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:25","end":"14:08","startHours":13.415722146418048,"endHours":14.132417292038138,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:48","end":"17:12","startHours":16.799197874518494,"endHours":17.199197874518493,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:00","end":"17:27","startHours":16.999197874518494,"endHours":17.44713234053105,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:45","end":"18:30","startHours":16.749197874518494,"endHours":18.499197874518494,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:16","end":"23:59","startHours":23.265636709557782,"endHours":23.98233185517787,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:15","end":"07:36","startHours":6.248770690217156,"endHours":7.592574088254823,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:36","end":"08:56","startHours":7.592574088254823,"endHours":8.93637748629249,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:56","end":"10:17","startHours":8.93637748629249,"endHours":10.280180884330157,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:17","end":"11:37","startHours":10.280180884330157,"endHours":11.623984282367825,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:37","end":"12:58","startHours":11.623984282367825,"endHours":12.967787680405491,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:58","end":"14:19","startHours":12.967787680405491,"endHours":14.311591078443158,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:19","end":"15:39","startHours":14.311591078443158,"endHours":15.655394476480826,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:39","end":"17:00","startHours":15.655394476480826,"endHours":16.999197874518494,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:00","end":"18:39","startHours":16.999197874518494,"endHours":18.655394476480826,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:39","end":"20:19","startHours":18.655394476480826,"endHours":20.311591078443158,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:19","end":"21:58","startHours":20.311591078443158,"endHours":21.967787680405493,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:58","end":"23:37","startHours":21.967787680405493,"endHours":23.623984282367825,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:37","end":"01:17","startHours":23.623984282367825,"endHours":25.280180884330157,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:17","end":"02:56","startHours":25.280180884330157,"endHours":26.936377486292493,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:56","end":"04:36","startHours":26.936377486292493,"endHours":28.592574088254825,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:36","end":"06:15","startHours":28.592574088254825,"endHours":30.248770690217157,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:15","end":"07:15","startHours":6.248770690217156,"endHours":7.248770690217156,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:15","end":"08:15","startHours":7.248770690217156,"endHours":8.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:15","end":"09:15","startHours":8.248770690217157,"endHours":9.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:15","end":"10:15","startHours":9.248770690217157,"endHours":10.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:15","end":"11:15","startHours":10.248770690217157,"endHours":11.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:15","end":"12:15","startHours":11.248770690217157,"endHours":12.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:15","end":"13:15","startHours":12.248770690217157,"endHours":13.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:15","end":"14:15","startHours":13.248770690217157,"endHours":14.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:15","end":"15:15","startHours":14.248770690217157,"endHours":15.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:15","end":"16:15","startHours":15.248770690217157,"endHours":16.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:15","end":"17:15","startHours":16.248770690217157,"endHours":17.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:15","end":"18:15","startHours":17.248770690217157,"endHours":18.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:15","end":"19:15","startHours":18.248770690217157,"endHours":19.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:15","end":"20:15","startHours":19.248770690217157,"endHours":20.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:15","end":"21:15","startHours":20.248770690217157,"endHours":21.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:15","end":"22:15","startHours":21.248770690217157,"endHours":22.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:15","end":"23:15","startHours":22.248770690217157,"endHours":23.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:15","end":"00:15","startHours":23.248770690217157,"endHours":24.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:15","end":"01:15","startHours":24.248770690217157,"endHours":25.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:15","end":"02:15","startHours":25.248770690217157,"endHours":26.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:15","end":"03:15","startHours":26.248770690217157,"endHours":27.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:15","end":"04:15","startHours":27.248770690217157,"endHours":28.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:15","end":"05:15","startHours":28.248770690217157,"endHours":29.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:15","end":"06:15","startHours":29.248770690217157,"endHours":30.248770690217157,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.38867444167876,"eotMinutes":-0.4934569420694592,"ayanamsa":23.8667}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 25, 2000 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 25, 2000 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 06:15, sūryāsta 17:00.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-12-25","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-12-25","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-12-25","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-12-25","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-12-25"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:13:18.201Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:13:18.201Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T02:13:18.201Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}