{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:2000-02-29:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-02-29","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"2000-02-29","date_display":"February 29, 2000 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":2,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451603.770833,"kali_year":5101,"ahargana":1863138.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.0583,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":245.1701,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":289.1118,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1118},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2,"moon_longitude":245.1701,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.1701},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":201.2284},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":48,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":2000,"month":2,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451603.770833,"ahargana":1863138.2708,"kali_year":5101,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8552,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.907065,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":246.28316500000005,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.6937},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":349.026565,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":319.205865,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":8.627265000000023,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":289.55396500000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":18.416665000000023,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":101.9684,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":281.9684,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":2000,"month":2,"day":29,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451603.770833,"kali_year":5101,"ahargana":1863138.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.0583,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":245.1701,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"tithi":{"number":25,"name":"Daśamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Daśamī","elongation_degrees":289.1118,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.1118},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":2,"moon_longitude":245.1701,"elapsed_within_degrees":5.1701},"yoga":{"number":16,"name":"Siddhi","sum_longitude":201.2284},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":48,"name":"Vaṇija"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.694,"elongation":70.888},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.694,"opposition_distance":109.112}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:00","sunsetLocal":"17:40","solarNoonLocal":"11:50","dayLengthHours":11.6797390234604,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 40 Mins 47 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 19 Mins 13 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:50","moonsetLocal":"12:33","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:45","end":"16:13","startHours":14.753080425150344,"endHours":16.213047803082894,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:55","end":"10:22","startHours":8.913210913420144,"endHours":10.373178291352694,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:50","end":"13:18","startHours":11.833145669285244,"endHours":13.293113047217794,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:43","end":"09:06","startHours":8.71854859636247,"endHours":9.107873230477818,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:29","end":"06:47","startHours":6.479931950199227,"endHours":6.791391657491505,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:27","end":"12:13","startHours":11.443821035169897,"endHours":12.222470303400591,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:26","end":"05:13","startHours":4.435977621093658,"endHours":5.214626889324351,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:01","end":"06:00","startHours":5.0199645722666775,"endHours":5.993276157555044,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:47","end":"14:34","startHours":13.779768839861976,"endHours":14.558418108092669,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:28","end":"17:52","startHours":17.473015181015445,"endHours":17.873015181015443,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:40","end":"18:10","startHours":17.673015181015444,"endHours":18.159670973659626,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:25","end":"19:10","startHours":17.423015181015444,"endHours":19.173015181015444,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:27","end":"00:13","startHours":23.443821035169897,"endHours":24.22247030340059,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:00","end":"07:27","startHours":5.993276157555044,"endHours":7.453243535487594,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:27","end":"08:55","startHours":7.453243535487594,"endHours":8.913210913420144,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:55","end":"10:22","startHours":8.913210913420144,"endHours":10.373178291352694,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:22","end":"11:50","startHours":10.373178291352694,"endHours":11.833145669285244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:50","end":"13:18","startHours":11.833145669285244,"endHours":13.293113047217794,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:18","end":"14:45","startHours":13.293113047217794,"endHours":14.753080425150344,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:45","end":"16:13","startHours":14.753080425150344,"endHours":16.213047803082894,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:13","end":"17:40","startHours":16.213047803082894,"endHours":17.673015181015444,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:40","end":"19:13","startHours":17.673015181015444,"endHours":19.213047803082894,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:13","end":"20:45","startHours":19.213047803082894,"endHours":20.753080425150344,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:45","end":"22:18","startHours":20.753080425150344,"endHours":22.293113047217794,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:18","end":"23:50","startHours":22.293113047217794,"endHours":23.833145669285244,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:50","end":"01:22","startHours":23.833145669285244,"endHours":25.373178291352694,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:22","end":"02:55","startHours":25.373178291352694,"endHours":26.913210913420144,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:55","end":"04:27","startHours":26.913210913420144,"endHours":28.453243535487594,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:27","end":"06:00","startHours":28.453243535487594,"endHours":29.993276157555044,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:00","end":"07:00","startHours":5.993276157555044,"endHours":6.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:00","end":"08:00","startHours":6.993276157555044,"endHours":7.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:00","end":"09:00","startHours":7.993276157555044,"endHours":8.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:00","end":"10:00","startHours":8.993276157555044,"endHours":9.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:00","end":"11:00","startHours":9.993276157555044,"endHours":10.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:00","end":"12:00","startHours":10.993276157555044,"endHours":11.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:00","end":"13:00","startHours":11.993276157555044,"endHours":12.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:00","end":"14:00","startHours":12.993276157555044,"endHours":13.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:00","end":"15:00","startHours":13.993276157555044,"endHours":14.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:00","end":"16:00","startHours":14.993276157555044,"endHours":15.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:00","end":"17:00","startHours":15.993276157555044,"endHours":16.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:00","end":"18:00","startHours":16.993276157555044,"endHours":17.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:00","end":"19:00","startHours":17.993276157555044,"endHours":18.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:00","end":"20:00","startHours":18.993276157555044,"endHours":19.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:00","end":"21:00","startHours":19.993276157555044,"endHours":20.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:00","end":"22:00","startHours":20.993276157555044,"endHours":21.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:00","end":"23:00","startHours":21.993276157555044,"endHours":22.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:00","end":"00:00","startHours":22.993276157555044,"endHours":23.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:00","end":"01:00","startHours":23.993276157555044,"endHours":24.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:00","end":"02:00","startHours":24.993276157555044,"endHours":25.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:00","end":"03:00","startHours":25.993276157555044,"endHours":26.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:00","end":"04:00","startHours":26.993276157555044,"endHours":27.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:00","end":"05:00","startHours":27.993276157555044,"endHours":28.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:00","end":"06:00","startHours":28.993276157555044,"endHours":29.993276157555044,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Makara","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Sushira","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.907957301990402,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":23.8552}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2057,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vijaya","saka_samvat":1922,"saka_samvatsara":"Vikrama","bengali_samvat":1407,"malayalam_era":1176,"nanakshahi_year":531,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Daśamī · Vikram 2057 Vijaya · Śaka 1922 Vikrama"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 29, 2000 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 29, 2000 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Daśamī, sūryodaya 06:00, sūryāsta 17:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-02-29","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-02-29","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-02-29","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-02-29","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/2000-02-29"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-20T14:41:18.035Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-20T14:41:18.035Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-20T14:41:18.035Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}