{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1998-07-23:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-07-23","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-07-23","date_display":"July 23, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":7,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451017.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862552.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":95.7025,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":90.7468,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":355.0443,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.0443},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4,"moon_longitude":90.7468,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.7468},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":186.4493},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":7,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451017.770833,"ahargana":1862552.2708,"kali_year":5100,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8328,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":96.17925400000001,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":89.57165399999997,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.0251},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":77.38955399999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":121.97265400000003,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":334.18145400000003,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":70.28815399999996,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":9.271053999999992,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":1,"name":"Aśvinī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":133.0175,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":313.0175,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":7,"day":23,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2451017.770833,"kali_year":5100,"ahargana":1862552.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":95.7025,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":90.7468,"rashi":4,"rashi_name":"Karka"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":355.0443,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":7.0443},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":4,"moon_longitude":90.7468,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.7468},"yoga":{"number":14,"name":"Harṣaṇa","sum_longitude":186.4493},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":6,"name":"Guruvāra (Thursday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.025,"elongation":4.956},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.025,"opposition_distance":175.044}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:04","sunsetLocal":"18:22","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":13.300743688239642,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 18 Mins 03 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 41 Mins 57 Secs","moonriseLocal":"04:36","moonsetLocal":"17:57","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"13:23","end":"15:03","startHours":13.380568596420733,"endHours":15.043161557450691,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"05:04","end":"06:44","startHours":5.067603791270959,"endHours":6.730196752300914,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"08:24","end":"10:03","startHours":8.39278971333087,"endHours":10.055382674360825,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:10","end":"08:37","startHours":8.171110651860209,"endHours":8.61446877480153,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:37","end":"05:59","startHours":5.621801444947611,"endHours":5.976487943300668,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:16","end":"12:10","startHours":11.274617512449458,"endHours":12.1613337583321,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:18","end":"04:11","startHours":3.2941712995056736,"endHours":4.180887545388316,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:58","end":"05:04","startHours":3.9592084839176556,"endHours":5.067603791270959,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:56","end":"14:49","startHours":13.934766250097386,"endHours":14.821482495980028,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:10","end":"18:34","startHours":18.1683474795106,"endHours":18.5683474795106,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:22","end":"18:55","startHours":18.3683474795106,"endHours":18.922545133187253,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:07","end":"19:52","startHours":18.1183474795106,"endHours":19.8683474795106,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:16","end":"00:10","startHours":23.274617512449456,"endHours":24.161333758332102,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"05:04","end":"06:44","startHours":5.067603791270959,"endHours":6.730196752300914,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"06:44","end":"08:24","startHours":6.730196752300914,"endHours":8.39278971333087,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"08:24","end":"10:03","startHours":8.39278971333087,"endHours":10.055382674360825,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"10:03","end":"11:43","startHours":10.055382674360825,"endHours":11.71797563539078,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"11:43","end":"13:23","startHours":11.71797563539078,"endHours":13.380568596420733,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"13:23","end":"15:03","startHours":13.380568596420733,"endHours":15.043161557450691,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"15:03","end":"16:42","startHours":15.043161557450691,"endHours":16.705754518480646,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"16:42","end":"18:22","startHours":16.705754518480646,"endHours":18.3683474795106,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"18:22","end":"19:42","startHours":18.3683474795106,"endHours":19.705754518480646,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"19:42","end":"21:03","startHours":19.705754518480646,"endHours":21.043161557450688,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"21:03","end":"22:23","startHours":21.043161557450688,"endHours":22.380568596420733,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"22:23","end":"23:43","startHours":22.380568596420733,"endHours":23.71797563539078,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"23:43","end":"01:03","startHours":23.71797563539078,"endHours":25.055382674360825,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"01:03","end":"02:24","startHours":25.055382674360825,"endHours":26.39278971333087,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"02:24","end":"03:44","startHours":26.39278971333087,"endHours":27.730196752300913,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:44","end":"05:04","startHours":27.730196752300913,"endHours":29.067603791270958,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:04","end":"06:04","startHours":5.067603791270959,"endHours":6.067603791270959,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:04","end":"07:04","startHours":6.067603791270959,"endHours":7.067603791270959,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:04","end":"08:04","startHours":7.067603791270959,"endHours":8.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:04","end":"09:04","startHours":8.067603791270958,"endHours":9.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:04","end":"10:04","startHours":9.067603791270958,"endHours":10.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:04","end":"11:04","startHours":10.067603791270958,"endHours":11.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:04","end":"12:04","startHours":11.067603791270958,"endHours":12.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:04","end":"13:04","startHours":12.067603791270958,"endHours":13.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:04","end":"14:04","startHours":13.067603791270958,"endHours":14.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:04","end":"15:04","startHours":14.067603791270958,"endHours":15.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:04","end":"16:04","startHours":15.067603791270958,"endHours":16.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:04","end":"17:04","startHours":16.067603791270958,"endHours":17.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:04","end":"18:04","startHours":17.067603791270958,"endHours":18.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:04","end":"19:04","startHours":18.067603791270958,"endHours":19.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:04","end":"20:04","startHours":19.067603791270958,"endHours":20.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:04","end":"21:04","startHours":20.067603791270958,"endHours":21.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:04","end":"22:04","startHours":21.067603791270958,"endHours":22.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:04","end":"23:04","startHours":22.067603791270958,"endHours":23.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:04","end":"00:04","startHours":23.067603791270958,"endHours":24.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:04","end":"01:04","startHours":24.067603791270958,"endHours":25.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:04","end":"02:04","startHours":25.067603791270958,"endHours":26.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:04","end":"03:04","startHours":26.067603791270958,"endHours":27.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:04","end":"04:04","startHours":27.067603791270958,"endHours":28.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:04","end":"05:04","startHours":28.067603791270958,"endHours":29.067603791270958,"planetary_lord":"Moon"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"South (Dakṣiṇa)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-West","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":20.14545273845663,"eotMinutes":-6.132938123446804,"ayanamsa":23.8328}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Śrāvaṇa","lunar_month_amanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Karkaṭa (Āḍi)","ritu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","display_summary":"Śrāvaṇa Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"guru-walk","name":"Bṛhaspati Walk","name_sanskrit":"गुरु यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Wisdom transmission + BG 4.34.","step_count":8,"url":"/walk/guru-walk"},"reason":"Guruvāra (Thursday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-1626101-04-03","event":"Bhagavān Rāma's birth at Ayodhyā","chart_id":"rama","shared_marker":"same Punarvasu","url":"/day/-1626101-04-03","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 23, 1998 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 23, 1998 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 05:04, sūryāsta 18:22.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-07-23","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-07-23","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-07-23","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-07-23","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-07-23"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T18:18:52.882Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T18:18:52.882Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T18:18:52.882Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}