{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1998-03-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-03-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-03-28","date_display":"March 28, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450900.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862435.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.5125,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":341.8448,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.3323,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3323},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":341.8448,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5115},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":325.3573},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450900.770833,"ahargana":1862435.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8284,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.334825,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":342.069025,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-1.7299},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":354.154825,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":357.865225,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":318.439425,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":296.8269250000001,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":357.436525,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":139.2167,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":319.2167,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":3,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450900.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862435.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":343.5125,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":341.8448,"rashi":12,"rashi_name":"Mīna"},"tithi":{"number":30,"name":"Amāvasyā","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","elongation_degrees":358.3323,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":10.3323},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":341.8448,"elapsed_within_degrees":8.5115},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":325.3573},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":59,"name":"Nāga"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.73,"elongation":1.668},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-1.73,"opposition_distance":178.332}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":-15,"type":"lunar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":0.638,"opposition_distance":0.442}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:34","sunsetLocal":"17:51","solarNoonLocal":"11:43","dayLengthHours":12.278382711006941,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 16 Mins 42 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 43 Mins 18 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:31","moonsetLocal":"17:44","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:38","end":"10:10","startHours":8.63983336235496,"endHours":10.174631201230827,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:15","end":"14:47","startHours":13.244226878982563,"endHours":14.77902471785843,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:34","end":"07:06","startHours":5.570237684603224,"endHours":7.105035523479092,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:26","end":"08:51","startHours":8.435193650504843,"endHours":8.844473074205075,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:05","end":"06:25","startHours":6.081836964228514,"endHours":6.409260503188699,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:18","end":"12:07","startHours":11.300149616406463,"endHours":12.118708463806927,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:56","end":"04:45","startHours":3.9331199898022993,"endHours":4.751678837202761,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:33","end":"05:34","startHours":4.547039125352646,"endHours":5.570237684603224,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:45","end":"14:34","startHours":13.755826158607851,"endHours":14.574385006008313,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:39","end":"18:03","startHours":17.648620395610166,"endHours":18.048620395610165,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:51","end":"18:22","startHours":17.848620395610165,"endHours":18.360219675235456,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:36","end":"19:21","startHours":17.598620395610165,"endHours":19.348620395610165,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:18","end":"00:07","startHours":23.300149616406465,"endHours":24.118708463806925,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:34","end":"07:06","startHours":5.570237684603224,"endHours":7.105035523479092,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:06","end":"08:38","startHours":7.105035523479092,"endHours":8.63983336235496,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:38","end":"10:10","startHours":8.63983336235496,"endHours":10.174631201230827,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:10","end":"11:43","startHours":10.174631201230827,"endHours":11.709429040106695,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:43","end":"13:15","startHours":11.709429040106695,"endHours":13.244226878982563,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:15","end":"14:47","startHours":13.244226878982563,"endHours":14.77902471785843,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:47","end":"16:19","startHours":14.77902471785843,"endHours":16.313822556734298,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:19","end":"17:51","startHours":16.313822556734298,"endHours":17.848620395610165,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:51","end":"19:19","startHours":17.848620395610165,"endHours":19.313822556734298,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:19","end":"20:47","startHours":19.313822556734298,"endHours":20.77902471785843,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:47","end":"22:15","startHours":20.77902471785843,"endHours":22.244226878982563,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:15","end":"23:43","startHours":22.244226878982563,"endHours":23.709429040106695,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:43","end":"01:10","startHours":23.709429040106695,"endHours":25.174631201230827,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:10","end":"02:38","startHours":25.174631201230827,"endHours":26.63983336235496,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:38","end":"04:06","startHours":26.63983336235496,"endHours":28.105035523479092,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:06","end":"05:34","startHours":28.105035523479092,"endHours":29.570237684603224,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:34","end":"06:34","startHours":5.570237684603224,"endHours":6.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:34","end":"07:34","startHours":6.570237684603224,"endHours":7.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:34","end":"08:34","startHours":7.570237684603224,"endHours":8.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:34","end":"09:34","startHours":8.570237684603224,"endHours":9.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:34","end":"10:34","startHours":9.570237684603224,"endHours":10.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:34","end":"11:34","startHours":10.570237684603224,"endHours":11.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:34","end":"12:34","startHours":11.570237684603224,"endHours":12.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:34","end":"13:34","startHours":12.570237684603224,"endHours":13.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:34","end":"14:34","startHours":13.570237684603224,"endHours":14.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:34","end":"15:34","startHours":14.570237684603224,"endHours":15.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:34","end":"16:34","startHours":15.570237684603224,"endHours":16.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:34","end":"17:34","startHours":16.570237684603224,"endHours":17.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:34","end":"18:34","startHours":17.570237684603224,"endHours":18.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:34","end":"19:34","startHours":18.570237684603224,"endHours":19.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:34","end":"20:34","startHours":19.570237684603224,"endHours":20.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:34","end":"21:34","startHours":20.570237684603224,"endHours":21.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:34","end":"22:34","startHours":21.570237684603224,"endHours":22.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:34","end":"23:34","startHours":22.570237684603224,"endHours":23.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:34","end":"00:34","startHours":23.570237684603224,"endHours":24.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:34","end":"01:34","startHours":24.570237684603224,"endHours":25.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:34","end":"02:34","startHours":25.570237684603224,"endHours":26.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:34","end":"03:34","startHours":26.570237684603224,"endHours":27.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:34","end":"04:34","startHours":27.570237684603224,"endHours":28.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:34","end":"05:34","startHours":28.570237684603224,"endHours":29.570237684603224,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South-West","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Vasanta (Spring) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":2.8427971577651223,"eotMinutes":-5.6201424064016345,"ayanamsa":23.8284}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Caitra","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Caitra","lunar_month_amanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mīna (Paṅkuṇi)","ritu":"Vasanta (Spring)","display_summary":"Caitra Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-20","event":"Karṇa-Vadha (Mahābhārata Day 17)","chart_id":"karna","shared_marker":"same Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā","url":"/day/-3137-10-20","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 28, 1998 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 28, 1998 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Amāvasyā, sūryodaya 05:34, sūryāsta 17:51.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-03-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-03-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-03-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-03-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-03-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T22:27:51.408Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T22:27:51.408Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T22:27:51.408Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}