{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1998-01-20:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-01-20","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1998-01-20","date_display":"January 20, 1998 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450833.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862368.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.8784,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":179.6737,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":263.7953,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.7953},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":179.6737,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.3404},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":95.5521},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1998,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450833.770833,"ahargana":1862368.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8258,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.94508500000006,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":177.376085,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.7006},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":301.9730850000001,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":255.961685,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":302.573885,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":270.048085,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":350.757585,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":142.7667,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":11,"name":"Pūrva Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":322.7667,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1998,"month":1,"day":20,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450833.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862368.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":275.8784,"rashi":10,"rashi_name":"Makara"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":179.6737,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":263.7953,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":11.7953},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":2,"moon_longitude":179.6737,"elapsed_within_degrees":6.3404},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":95.5521},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":43,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.701,"elongation":96.205},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.701,"opposition_distance":83.795}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:19","sunsetLocal":"17:17","solarNoonLocal":"11:48","dayLengthHours":10.95538676373458,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 57 Mins 19 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 02 Mins 41 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:25","moonsetLocal":"11:02","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:32","end":"15:54","startHours":14.537345079887466,"endHours":15.906768425354286,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:04","end":"10:26","startHours":9.059651698020176,"endHours":10.429075043486996,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:48","end":"13:10","startHours":11.79849838895382,"endHours":13.167921734420641,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:53","end":"09:15","startHours":8.877061918624598,"endHours":9.242241477415751,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:47","end":"07:04","startHours":6.777279455575471,"endHours":7.0694231026083925,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:26","end":"12:10","startHours":11.433318830162667,"endHours":12.163677947744974,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:35","startHours":4.860086771921919,"endHours":5.590445889504224,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:19","startHours":5.407856110108648,"endHours":6.32080500708653,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:37","end":"14:21","startHours":13.624396182909582,"endHours":14.354755300491886,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:05","end":"17:29","startHours":17.07619177082111,"endHours":17.47619177082111,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:17","end":"17:44","startHours":17.27619177082111,"endHours":17.73266621931005,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:02","end":"18:47","startHours":17.02619177082111,"endHours":18.77619177082111,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:26","end":"00:10","startHours":23.43331883016267,"endHours":24.163677947744972,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:19","end":"07:41","startHours":6.32080500708653,"endHours":7.690228352553352,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:41","end":"09:04","startHours":7.690228352553352,"endHours":9.059651698020176,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"09:04","end":"10:26","startHours":9.059651698020176,"endHours":10.429075043486996,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:26","end":"11:48","startHours":10.429075043486996,"endHours":11.79849838895382,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:48","end":"13:10","startHours":11.79849838895382,"endHours":13.167921734420641,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:10","end":"14:32","startHours":13.167921734420641,"endHours":14.537345079887466,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:32","end":"15:54","startHours":14.537345079887466,"endHours":15.906768425354286,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"15:54","end":"17:17","startHours":15.906768425354286,"endHours":17.27619177082111,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:17","end":"18:54","startHours":17.27619177082111,"endHours":18.906768425354286,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"18:54","end":"20:32","startHours":18.906768425354286,"endHours":20.537345079887466,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:32","end":"22:10","startHours":20.537345079887466,"endHours":22.167921734420645,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:10","end":"23:48","startHours":22.167921734420645,"endHours":23.79849838895382,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:48","end":"01:26","startHours":23.79849838895382,"endHours":25.429075043486996,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:26","end":"03:04","startHours":25.429075043486996,"endHours":27.059651698020176,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"03:04","end":"04:41","startHours":27.059651698020176,"endHours":28.690228352553355,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:41","end":"06:19","startHours":28.690228352553355,"endHours":30.32080500708653,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:19","end":"07:19","startHours":6.32080500708653,"endHours":7.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:19","end":"08:19","startHours":7.32080500708653,"endHours":8.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:19","end":"09:19","startHours":8.32080500708653,"endHours":9.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:19","end":"10:19","startHours":9.32080500708653,"endHours":10.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:19","end":"11:19","startHours":10.32080500708653,"endHours":11.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:19","end":"12:19","startHours":11.32080500708653,"endHours":12.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:19","end":"13:19","startHours":12.32080500708653,"endHours":13.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:19","end":"14:19","startHours":13.32080500708653,"endHours":14.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:19","end":"15:19","startHours":14.32080500708653,"endHours":15.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:19","end":"16:19","startHours":15.32080500708653,"endHours":16.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:19","end":"17:19","startHours":16.32080500708653,"endHours":17.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:19","end":"18:19","startHours":17.32080500708653,"endHours":18.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:19","end":"19:19","startHours":18.32080500708653,"endHours":19.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:19","end":"20:19","startHours":19.32080500708653,"endHours":20.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:19","end":"21:19","startHours":20.32080500708653,"endHours":21.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:19","end":"22:19","startHours":21.32080500708653,"endHours":22.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:19","end":"23:19","startHours":22.32080500708653,"endHours":23.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:19","end":"00:19","startHours":23.32080500708653,"endHours":24.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:19","end":"01:19","startHours":24.32080500708653,"endHours":25.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:19","end":"02:19","startHours":25.32080500708653,"endHours":26.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:19","end":"03:19","startHours":26.32080500708653,"endHours":27.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:19","end":"04:19","startHours":27.32080500708653,"endHours":28.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:19","end":"05:19","startHours":28.32080500708653,"endHours":29.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:19","end":"06:19","startHours":29.32080500708653,"endHours":30.32080500708653,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mausala","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-20.19637903947014,"eotMinutes":-10.9643033372293,"ayanamsa":23.8258}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2055,"vikram_samvatsara":"Khara","saka_samvat":1920,"saka_samvatsara":"Bahudhānya","bengali_samvat":1405,"malayalam_era":1174,"nanakshahi_year":529,"lunar_month":"Māgha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Makara (Tai)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Māgha Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2055 Khara · Śaka 1920 Bahudhānya"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 20, 1998 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 20, 1998 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 06:19, sūryāsta 17:17.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-01-20","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-01-20","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-01-20","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-01-20","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1998-01-20"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T06:18:22.596Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-01T06:18:22.596Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-01T06:18:22.596Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}