{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1997-07-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-07-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-07-01","date_display":"July 1, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450630.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862165.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.1123,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":29.9542,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.842,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.842},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":29.9542,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.2876},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":105.0665},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450630.770833,"ahargana":1862165.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.818,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.440741,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":30.238640999999973,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.7483},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":161.590241,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":81.779041,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":297.455641,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":98.987841,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":355.672641,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":153.5226,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":333.5226,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":7,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450630.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862165.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":75.1123,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":29.9542,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":27,"name":"Dvādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī","elongation_degrees":314.842,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.842},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":29.9542,"elapsed_within_degrees":3.2876},"yoga":{"number":8,"name":"Dhṛti","sum_longitude":105.0665},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":52,"name":"Kaulava"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.748,"elongation":45.158},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.748,"opposition_distance":134.842}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"04:55","sunsetLocal":"18:25","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":13.497338167263734,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 29 Mins 50 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 30 Mins 10 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:04","moonsetLocal":"15:15","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:03","end":"16:44","startHours":15.047965961890448,"endHours":16.735133232798415,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:18","end":"09:59","startHours":8.29929687825858,"endHours":9.986464149166547,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:40","end":"13:22","startHours":11.673631420074514,"endHours":13.360798690982481,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:04","end":"08:31","startHours":8.074341242137518,"endHours":8.524252514379643,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:29","end":"05:51","startHours":5.4873514267453025,"endHours":5.8472804445390025,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:13","end":"12:07","startHours":11.22372014783239,"endHours":12.123542692316638,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:08","end":"04:02","startHours":3.125317247474149,"endHours":4.025139791958398,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:48","end":"04:55","startHours":3.8001841558373357,"endHours":4.924962336442647,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:49","startHours":13.923187781285137,"endHours":14.823010325769385,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:13","end":"18:37","startHours":18.222300503706382,"endHours":18.62230050370638,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:25","end":"18:59","startHours":18.42230050370638,"endHours":18.984689594009037,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:10","end":"19:55","startHours":18.17230050370638,"endHours":19.92230050370638,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:13","end":"00:07","startHours":23.22372014783239,"endHours":24.12354269231664,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"04:55","end":"06:37","startHours":4.924962336442647,"endHours":6.612129607350614,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:37","end":"08:18","startHours":6.612129607350614,"endHours":8.29929687825858,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:18","end":"09:59","startHours":8.29929687825858,"endHours":9.986464149166547,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:59","end":"11:40","startHours":9.986464149166547,"endHours":11.673631420074514,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:40","end":"13:22","startHours":11.673631420074514,"endHours":13.360798690982481,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:22","end":"15:03","startHours":13.360798690982481,"endHours":15.047965961890448,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"15:03","end":"16:44","startHours":15.047965961890448,"endHours":16.735133232798415,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:44","end":"18:25","startHours":16.735133232798415,"endHours":18.42230050370638,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"18:25","end":"19:44","startHours":18.42230050370638,"endHours":19.735133232798415,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:44","end":"21:03","startHours":19.735133232798415,"endHours":21.047965961890448,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"21:03","end":"22:22","startHours":21.047965961890448,"endHours":22.36079869098248,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:22","end":"23:40","startHours":22.36079869098248,"endHours":23.673631420074514,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:40","end":"00:59","startHours":23.673631420074514,"endHours":24.986464149166547,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"00:59","end":"02:18","startHours":24.986464149166547,"endHours":26.29929687825858,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:18","end":"03:37","startHours":26.29929687825858,"endHours":27.612129607350614,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:37","end":"04:55","startHours":27.612129607350614,"endHours":28.924962336442647,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:55","end":"05:55","startHours":4.924962336442647,"endHours":5.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:55","end":"06:55","startHours":5.924962336442647,"endHours":6.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:55","end":"07:55","startHours":6.924962336442647,"endHours":7.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:55","end":"08:55","startHours":7.924962336442647,"endHours":8.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:55","end":"09:55","startHours":8.924962336442647,"endHours":9.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:55","end":"10:55","startHours":9.924962336442647,"endHours":10.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:55","end":"11:55","startHours":10.924962336442647,"endHours":11.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:55","end":"12:55","startHours":11.924962336442647,"endHours":12.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:55","end":"13:55","startHours":12.924962336442647,"endHours":13.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:55","end":"14:55","startHours":13.924962336442647,"endHours":14.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:55","end":"15:55","startHours":14.924962336442647,"endHours":15.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:55","end":"16:55","startHours":15.924962336442647,"endHours":16.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:55","end":"17:55","startHours":16.924962336442647,"endHours":17.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:55","end":"18:55","startHours":17.924962336442647,"endHours":18.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:55","end":"19:55","startHours":18.924962336442647,"endHours":19.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:55","end":"20:55","startHours":19.924962336442647,"endHours":20.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:55","end":"21:55","startHours":20.924962336442647,"endHours":21.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:55","end":"22:55","startHours":21.924962336442647,"endHours":22.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:55","end":"23:55","startHours":22.924962336442647,"endHours":23.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:55","end":"00:55","startHours":23.924962336442647,"endHours":24.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:55","end":"01:55","startHours":24.924962336442647,"endHours":25.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:55","end":"02:55","startHours":25.924962336442647,"endHours":26.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:55","end":"03:55","startHours":26.924962336442647,"endHours":27.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:55","end":"04:55","startHours":27.924962336442647,"endHours":28.924962336442647,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Tulā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Kanyā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"South-East","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Chatra","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","drikAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":23.113307032299314,"eotMinutes":-3.4722852044708983,"ayanamsa":23.818}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"mithuna-sankranti","name":"Mithuna Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"मिथुन सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","significance":"Sun enters Gemini.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Mithuna"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-3137-10-04","event":"Mahābhārata Day 1 (Bhagavad Gītā delivered)","chart_id":"krishna","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-10-04","relevance":0.5},{"historical_date":"-3137-12-25","event":"Bhīṣma's Mahaprasthan","chart_id":"bhishma","shared_marker":"same Kṛttikā","url":"/day/-3137-12-25","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga July 1, 1997 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"July 1, 1997 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Dvādaśī, sūryodaya 04:55, sūryāsta 18:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-07-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-07-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-07-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-07-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-07-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T00:52:06.648Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T00:52:06.648Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T00:52:06.648Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}