{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1997-06-30:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-06-30","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-06-30","date_display":"June 30, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":6,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450629.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862164.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":74.1658,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":16.0117,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":301.8459,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.8459},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":16.0117,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6784},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":90.1775},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":50,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":6,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450629.770833,"ahargana":1862164.2708,"kali_year":5099,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.818,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":74.487279,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":16.719779000000017,"rashi":{"number":1,"name":"Meṣa"},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":-3.0348},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":161.10727900000006,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":79.65447899999998,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":6,"name":"Ārdrā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":297.519579,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":23,"name":"Dhaniṣṭhā","pada":2},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":97.77377899999999,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":355.620179,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":153.5756,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":333.5756,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":6,"day":30,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450629.770833,"kali_year":5099,"ahargana":1862164.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":74.1658,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":16.0117,"rashi":1,"rashi_name":"Meṣa"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":301.8459,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.8459},"nakshatra":{"number":2,"name":"Bharaṇī","pada":1,"moon_longitude":16.0117,"elapsed_within_degrees":2.6784},"yoga":{"number":7,"name":"Sukarma","sum_longitude":90.1775},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":50,"name":"Bava"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.035,"elongation":58.154},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":-3.035,"opposition_distance":121.846}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"04:55","sunsetLocal":"18:25","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":13.50161407340024,"dayLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 30 Mins 06 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 29 Mins 54 Secs","moonriseLocal":"01:21","moonsetLocal":"14:17","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:36","end":"08:18","startHours":6.607348968508954,"endHours":8.295050727683984,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:59","end":"11:40","startHours":9.982752486859013,"endHours":11.670454246034044,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:21","end":"15:03","startHours":13.358156005209075,"endHours":15.045857764384104,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:04","end":"08:31","startHours":8.070023826460647,"endHours":8.520077628907321,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:29","end":"05:51","startHours":5.4822144623922675,"endHours":5.8422575043496074,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:13","end":"12:07","startHours":11.22040044358737,"endHours":12.120508048480719,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:07","end":"04:01","startHours":3.119431999547225,"endHours":4.019539604440574,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"03:48","end":"04:55","startHours":3.794512703217237,"endHours":4.919647209333924,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:55","end":"14:49","startHours":13.920723258267419,"endHours":14.820830863160769,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"18:13","end":"18:37","startHours":18.221261282734165,"endHours":18.621261282734164,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"18:25","end":"18:59","startHours":18.421261282734164,"endHours":18.983828535792508,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"18:10","end":"19:55","startHours":18.171261282734164,"endHours":19.921261282734164,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:13","end":"00:07","startHours":23.22040044358737,"endHours":24.12050804848072,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"04:55","end":"06:36","startHours":4.919647209333924,"endHours":6.607348968508954,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:36","end":"08:18","startHours":6.607348968508954,"endHours":8.295050727683984,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:18","end":"09:59","startHours":8.295050727683984,"endHours":9.982752486859013,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:59","end":"11:40","startHours":9.982752486859013,"endHours":11.670454246034044,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:40","end":"13:21","startHours":11.670454246034044,"endHours":13.358156005209075,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:21","end":"15:03","startHours":13.358156005209075,"endHours":15.045857764384104,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"15:03","end":"16:44","startHours":15.045857764384104,"endHours":16.733559523559133,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"16:44","end":"18:25","startHours":16.733559523559133,"endHours":18.421261282734164,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"18:25","end":"19:44","startHours":18.421261282734164,"endHours":19.733559523559133,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"19:44","end":"21:03","startHours":19.733559523559133,"endHours":21.045857764384102,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"21:03","end":"22:21","startHours":21.045857764384102,"endHours":22.358156005209075,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:21","end":"23:40","startHours":22.358156005209075,"endHours":23.670454246034044,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:40","end":"00:59","startHours":23.670454246034044,"endHours":24.982752486859013,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:59","end":"02:18","startHours":24.982752486859013,"endHours":26.295050727683986,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:18","end":"03:36","startHours":26.295050727683986,"endHours":27.607348968508955,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:36","end":"04:55","startHours":27.607348968508955,"endHours":28.919647209333924,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"04:55","end":"05:55","startHours":4.919647209333924,"endHours":5.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"05:55","end":"06:55","startHours":5.919647209333924,"endHours":6.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"06:55","end":"07:55","startHours":6.919647209333924,"endHours":7.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"07:55","end":"08:55","startHours":7.919647209333924,"endHours":8.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"08:55","end":"09:55","startHours":8.919647209333924,"endHours":9.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"09:55","end":"10:55","startHours":9.919647209333924,"endHours":10.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"10:55","end":"11:55","startHours":10.919647209333924,"endHours":11.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"11:55","end":"12:55","startHours":11.919647209333924,"endHours":12.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"12:55","end":"13:55","startHours":12.919647209333924,"endHours":13.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"13:55","end":"14:55","startHours":13.919647209333924,"endHours":14.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"14:55","end":"15:55","startHours":14.919647209333924,"endHours":15.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"15:55","end":"16:55","startHours":15.919647209333924,"endHours":16.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"16:55","end":"17:55","startHours":16.919647209333924,"endHours":17.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"17:55","end":"18:55","startHours":17.919647209333924,"endHours":18.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"18:55","end":"19:55","startHours":18.919647209333924,"endHours":19.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"19:55","end":"20:55","startHours":19.919647209333924,"endHours":20.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"20:55","end":"21:55","startHours":20.919647209333924,"endHours":21.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"21:55","end":"22:55","startHours":21.919647209333924,"endHours":22.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"22:55","end":"23:55","startHours":22.919647209333924,"endHours":23.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"23:55","end":"00:55","startHours":23.919647209333924,"endHours":24.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"00:55","end":"01:55","startHours":24.919647209333924,"endHours":25.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"01:55","end":"02:55","startHours":25.919647209333924,"endHours":26.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"02:55","end":"03:55","startHours":26.919647209333924,"endHours":27.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"03:55","end":"04:55","startHours":27.919647209333924,"endHours":28.919647209333924,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"East","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Dhvānkṣa","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":23.176272192514237,"eotMinutes":-3.2816547620426237,"ayanamsa":23.818}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āṣāḍha","lunar_month_amanta":"Jyeṣṭha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Mithuna (Āni)","ritu":"Grīṣma (Summer)","display_summary":"Āṣāḍha Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"yogini-ekadashi","name":"Yoginī Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"योगिनी एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Removes the curse of Kubera; equivalent to feeding 88,000 brāhmaṇas.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":26,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha"},"precedence":4},{"id":"kamika-ekadashi","name":"Kāmikā Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"कामिका एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"First Ekādaśī of Cāturmāsya; equivalent to gift of cow + svarṇa.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":26,"tithi_paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","lunar_month":"Āṣāḍha"},"precedence":4},{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga June 30, 1997 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"June 30, 1997 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 04:55, sūryāsta 18:25.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-06-30","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-06-30","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-06-30","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-06-30","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-06-30"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T11:09:39.591Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T11:09:39.591Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T11:09:39.591Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}