{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1997-03-01:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-03-01","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-03-01","date_display":"March 1, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.8399,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":214.2012,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.3614,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3614},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":214.2012,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8679},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":171.0411},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8134,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.67920200000003,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":210.252302,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.6492},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":158.67100200000004,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":307.77140199999997,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":285.049802,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":22,"name":"Śravaṇa","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":308.6036019999999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":342.769502,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":159.9867,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":339.9867,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":3,"day":1,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450508.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1862043.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":316.8399,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":214.2012,"rashi":8,"rashi_name":"Vṛścika"},"tithi":{"number":22,"name":"Saptamī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Saptamī","elongation_degrees":257.3614,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":5.3614},"nakshatra":{"number":17,"name":"Anurādhā","pada":1,"moon_longitude":214.2012,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.8679},"yoga":{"number":13,"name":"Vyāghāta","sum_longitude":171.0411},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":42,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":1,"name":"Śanivāra (Saturday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.649,"elongation":102.639},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.649,"opposition_distance":77.361}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":8,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":1.134,"elongation":0.078}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:59","sunsetLocal":"17:41","solarNoonLocal":"11:50","dayLengthHours":11.695256324974899,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 41 Mins 43 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 18 Mins 17 Secs","moonriseLocal":"23:14","moonsetLocal":"10:14","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"08:55","end":"10:22","startHours":8.909331588041518,"endHours":10.37123862866338,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"13:18","end":"14:45","startHours":13.295052709907106,"endHours":14.756959750528967,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"05:59","end":"07:27","startHours":5.985517506797794,"endHours":7.447424547419656,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:43","end":"09:06","startHours":8.714410649291937,"endHours":9.1042525267911,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:28","end":"06:47","startHours":6.472819853671748,"endHours":6.784693355671078,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:27","end":"12:13","startHours":11.44330379178608,"endHours":12.222987546784408,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:26","end":"05:12","startHours":4.42614999680114,"endHours":5.205833751799467,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:01","end":"05:59","startHours":5.0109128130498855,"endHours":5.985517506797794,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:47","end":"14:34","startHours":13.78235505678106,"endHours":14.562038811779388,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:29","end":"17:53","startHours":17.480773831772694,"endHours":17.880773831772693,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:41","end":"18:10","startHours":17.680773831772694,"endHours":18.168076178646647,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:26","end":"19:11","startHours":17.430773831772694,"endHours":19.180773831772694,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:27","end":"00:13","startHours":23.443303791786082,"endHours":24.222987546784406,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"05:59","end":"07:27","startHours":5.985517506797794,"endHours":7.447424547419656,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"07:27","end":"08:55","startHours":7.447424547419656,"endHours":8.909331588041518,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"08:55","end":"10:22","startHours":8.909331588041518,"endHours":10.37123862866338,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"10:22","end":"11:50","startHours":10.37123862866338,"endHours":11.833145669285244,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"11:50","end":"13:18","startHours":11.833145669285244,"endHours":13.295052709907106,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"13:18","end":"14:45","startHours":13.295052709907106,"endHours":14.756959750528967,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"14:45","end":"16:13","startHours":14.756959750528967,"endHours":16.21886679115083,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"16:13","end":"17:41","startHours":16.21886679115083,"endHours":17.680773831772694,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Labha","start":"17:41","end":"19:13","startHours":17.680773831772694,"endHours":19.21886679115083,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"19:13","end":"20:45","startHours":19.21886679115083,"endHours":20.75695975052897,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"20:45","end":"22:18","startHours":20.75695975052897,"endHours":22.295052709907107,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"22:18","end":"23:50","startHours":22.295052709907107,"endHours":23.833145669285244,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"23:50","end":"01:22","startHours":23.833145669285244,"endHours":25.37123862866338,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"01:22","end":"02:55","startHours":25.37123862866338,"endHours":26.909331588041518,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"02:55","end":"04:27","startHours":26.909331588041518,"endHours":28.447424547419658,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"04:27","end":"05:59","startHours":28.447424547419658,"endHours":29.985517506797795,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:59","end":"06:59","startHours":5.985517506797794,"endHours":6.985517506797794,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:59","end":"07:59","startHours":6.985517506797794,"endHours":7.985517506797794,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:59","end":"08:59","startHours":7.985517506797794,"endHours":8.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:59","end":"09:59","startHours":8.985517506797795,"endHours":9.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:59","end":"10:59","startHours":9.985517506797795,"endHours":10.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:59","end":"11:59","startHours":10.985517506797795,"endHours":11.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:59","end":"12:59","startHours":11.985517506797795,"endHours":12.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:59","end":"13:59","startHours":12.985517506797795,"endHours":13.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:59","end":"14:59","startHours":13.985517506797795,"endHours":14.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:59","end":"15:59","startHours":14.985517506797795,"endHours":15.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:59","end":"16:59","startHours":15.985517506797795,"endHours":16.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:59","end":"17:59","startHours":16.985517506797795,"endHours":17.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:59","end":"18:59","startHours":17.985517506797795,"endHours":18.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:59","end":"19:59","startHours":18.985517506797795,"endHours":19.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:59","end":"20:59","startHours":19.985517506797795,"endHours":20.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:59","end":"21:59","startHours":20.985517506797795,"endHours":21.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:59","end":"22:59","startHours":21.985517506797795,"endHours":22.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:59","end":"23:59","startHours":22.985517506797795,"endHours":23.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:59","end":"00:59","startHours":23.985517506797795,"endHours":24.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:59","end":"01:59","startHours":24.985517506797795,"endHours":25.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:59","end":"02:59","startHours":25.985517506797795,"endHours":26.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:59","end":"03:59","startHours":26.985517506797795,"endHours":27.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:59","end":"04:59","startHours":27.985517506797795,"endHours":28.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:59","end":"05:59","startHours":28.985517506797795,"endHours":29.985517506797795,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Tulā","Dhanu","Kumbha","Mīna"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-East","rahuVasa":"East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mānasa","quality":"Auspicious"},"drikRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (Drik)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","drikAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization (Drikpanchang-parity)","declination":-7.63224644254681,"eotMinutes":-13.043140157114735,"ayanamsa":23.8134}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Saptamī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"kumbha-sankranti","name":"Kumbha Saṅkrānti","name_sanskrit":"कुम्भ सङ्क्रान्ति","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Sūrya Bhagavān","significance":"Sun enters Aquarius; Kumbha-māsa begins.","vrata":false,"detection":{"sun_rashi":"Kumbha"},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"shani-walk","name":"Śani Walk","name_sanskrit":"शनि यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Tapas + endurance + BG 17.14-19.","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/shani-walk"},"reason":"Śanivāra (Saturday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga March 1, 1997 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"March 1, 1997 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Saptamī, sūryodaya 05:59, sūryāsta 17:41.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-03-01","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-03-01","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-03-01","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-03-01","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-03-01"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T09:12:41.264Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-17T09:12:41.264Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["matches Drikpanchang ±1 minute on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-17T09:12:41.264Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}