{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1997-01-05:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-01-05","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1997-01-05","date_display":"January 5, 1997 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450453.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861988.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.737,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":207.3781,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":306.641,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.641},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":207.3781,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.3781},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":108.1151},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450453.770833,"ahargana":1861988.2708,"kali_year":5098,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.8113,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.92600300000004,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":205.73630300000002,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.1512},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":156.68530299999998,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":253.93720299999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":272.35480299999995,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":239.745003,"rashi":{"number":8,"name":"Vṛścika"},"nakshatra":{"number":18,"name":"Jyeṣṭhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":337.728503,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":162.9009,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":342.9009,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":26,"name":"Uttara Bhādrapadā","pada":3},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1997,"month":1,"day":5,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2450453.770833,"kali_year":5098,"ahargana":1861988.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":260.737,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":207.3781,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":26,"name":"Ekādaśī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī","elongation_degrees":306.641,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":6.641},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":3,"moon_longitude":207.3781,"elapsed_within_degrees":7.3781},"yoga":{"number":9,"name":"Śūla","sum_longitude":108.1151},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":51,"name":"Bālava"},"vara":{"number":2,"name":"Ravivāra (Sunday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.151,"elongation":53.359},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.151,"opposition_distance":126.641}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:18","sunsetLocal":"17:06","solarNoonLocal":"11:42","dayLengthHours":10.800547394844859,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 48 Mins 02 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 11 Mins 58 Secs","moonriseLocal":"02:29","moonsetLocal":"13:34","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"15:45","end":"17:06","startHours":15.756844783469539,"endHours":17.106913207825148,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"11:42","end":"13:03","startHours":11.706639510402717,"endHours":13.056707934758325,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"14:24","end":"15:45","startHours":14.406776359113934,"endHours":15.756844783469539,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:50","end":"09:11","startHours":8.826493538444089,"endHours":9.186511784938917,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:45","end":"07:03","startHours":6.756388621098823,"endHours":7.044403218294686,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:21","end":"12:04","startHours":11.34662126390789,"endHours":12.066657756897547,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:52","end":"05:35","startHours":4.866292827000974,"endHours":5.5863293199906305,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:24","end":"06:18","startHours":5.406320196743216,"endHours":6.306365812980288,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:30","end":"14:14","startHours":13.506730742876861,"endHours":14.226767235866518,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:54","end":"17:18","startHours":16.90691320782515,"endHours":17.306913207825147,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:06","end":"17:33","startHours":17.106913207825148,"endHours":17.556936015943684,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:51","end":"18:36","startHours":16.856913207825148,"endHours":18.606913207825148,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:21","end":"00:04","startHours":23.34662126390789,"endHours":24.066657756897545,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Udveg","start":"06:18","end":"07:39","startHours":6.306365812980288,"endHours":7.656434237335896,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"07:39","end":"09:00","startHours":7.656434237335896,"endHours":9.006502661691503,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"09:00","end":"10:21","startHours":9.006502661691503,"endHours":10.356571086047111,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"10:21","end":"11:42","startHours":10.356571086047111,"endHours":11.706639510402717,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"11:42","end":"13:03","startHours":11.706639510402717,"endHours":13.056707934758325,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"13:03","end":"14:24","startHours":13.056707934758325,"endHours":14.406776359113934,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"14:24","end":"15:45","startHours":14.406776359113934,"endHours":15.756844783469539,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"15:45","end":"17:06","startHours":15.756844783469539,"endHours":17.106913207825148,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Śubha","start":"17:06","end":"18:45","startHours":17.106913207825148,"endHours":18.75684478346954,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"18:45","end":"20:24","startHours":18.75684478346954,"endHours":20.406776359113934,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"20:24","end":"22:03","startHours":20.406776359113934,"endHours":22.056707934758325,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"22:03","end":"23:42","startHours":22.056707934758325,"endHours":23.706639510402717,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"23:42","end":"01:21","startHours":23.706639510402717,"endHours":25.35657108604711,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"01:21","end":"03:00","startHours":25.35657108604711,"endHours":27.006502661691503,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"03:00","end":"04:39","startHours":27.006502661691503,"endHours":28.656434237335894,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"04:39","end":"06:18","startHours":28.656434237335894,"endHours":30.30636581298029,"quality":"auspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:18","end":"07:18","startHours":6.306365812980288,"endHours":7.306365812980288,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:18","end":"08:18","startHours":7.306365812980288,"endHours":8.306365812980289,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:18","end":"09:18","startHours":8.306365812980289,"endHours":9.306365812980289,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:18","end":"10:18","startHours":9.306365812980289,"endHours":10.306365812980289,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:18","end":"11:18","startHours":10.306365812980289,"endHours":11.306365812980289,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:18","end":"12:18","startHours":11.306365812980289,"endHours":12.306365812980289,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:18","end":"13:18","startHours":12.306365812980289,"endHours":13.306365812980289,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:18","end":"14:18","startHours":13.306365812980289,"endHours":14.306365812980289,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:18","end":"15:18","startHours":14.306365812980289,"endHours":15.306365812980289,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:18","end":"16:18","startHours":15.306365812980289,"endHours":16.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:18","end":"17:18","startHours":16.30636581298029,"endHours":17.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:18","end":"18:18","startHours":17.30636581298029,"endHours":18.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:18","end":"19:18","startHours":18.30636581298029,"endHours":19.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:18","end":"20:18","startHours":19.30636581298029,"endHours":20.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:18","end":"21:18","startHours":20.30636581298029,"endHours":21.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:18","end":"22:18","startHours":21.30636581298029,"endHours":22.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:18","end":"23:18","startHours":22.30636581298029,"endHours":23.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:18","end":"00:18","startHours":23.30636581298029,"endHours":24.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:18","end":"01:18","startHours":24.30636581298029,"endHours":25.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:18","end":"02:18","startHours":25.30636581298029,"endHours":26.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:18","end":"03:18","startHours":26.30636581298029,"endHours":27.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:18","end":"04:18","startHours":27.30636581298029,"endHours":28.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:18","end":"05:18","startHours":28.30636581298029,"endHours":29.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:18","end":"06:18","startHours":29.30636581298029,"endHours":30.30636581298029,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"West (Paścim)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Utpāta","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-22.62188893802933,"eotMinutes":-5.452770624163118,"ayanamsa":23.8113}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2054,"vikram_samvatsara":"Vikṛti","saka_samvat":1919,"saka_samvatsara":"Īśvara","bengali_samvat":1404,"malayalam_era":1173,"nanakshahi_year":528,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Mārgaśīrṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī · Vikram 2054 Vikṛti · Śaka 1919 Īśvara"},"festivals":[{"id":"ekadashi","name":"Ekādaśī","name_sanskrit":"एकादशी","tradition":"Vaishnava","associated_deity":"Bhagavān Viṣṇu","significance":"Sacred to Bhagavān Viṣṇu; vrata for purification.","vrata":true,"detection":{"any_of":[{"tithi_number":11},{"tithi_number":26}]},"precedence":5}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"surya-walk","name":"Sūrya Walk","name_sanskrit":"सूर्य यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Self-illumination + BG 4.1 (Sun-lineage of Gītā transmission).","step_count":6,"url":"/walk/surya-walk"},"reason":"Ravivāra (Sunday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[{"historical_date":"-0562-04-11","event":"Bhagavān Buddha's birth at Lumbinī","chart_id":"buddha","shared_marker":"same Viśākhā","url":"/day/-0562-04-11","relevance":0.5}]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga January 5, 1997 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"January 5, 1997 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Ekādaśī, sūryodaya 06:18, sūryāsta 17:06.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-01-05","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-01-05","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-01-05","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-01-05","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1997-01-05"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T13:54:24.687Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T13:54:24.687Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T13:54:24.687Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}