{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1990-12-31:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1990-12-31","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1990-12-31","date_display":"December 31, 1990 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1990,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2448256.770833,"kali_year":5092,"ahargana":1859791.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.1364,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":65.6129,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":170.4765,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.4765},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":65.6129,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.2796},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":320.7494},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1990,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2448256.770833,"ahargana":1859791.2708,"kali_year":5092,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.7272,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.35984499999995,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":20,"name":"Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":64.90734499999996,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.4947},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":34.22154499999999,"rashi":{"number":2,"name":"Vṛṣabha"},"nakshatra":{"number":3,"name":"Kṛttikā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":241.10954500000003,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":19,"name":"Mūla","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":108.24354499999998,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":269.94094500000006,"rashi":{"number":9,"name":"Dhanu"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":271.6516449999999,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":279.3085,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":99.3085,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Not independently benchmarked across the declared range","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1990,"month":12,"day":31,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2448256.770833,"kali_year":5092,"ahargana":1859791.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":255.1364,"rashi":9,"rashi_name":"Dhanu"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":65.6129,"rashi":3,"rashi_name":"Mithuna"},"tithi":{"number":15,"name":"Pūrṇimā","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pūrṇimā","elongation_degrees":170.4765,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":2.4765},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mṛgaśīrṣā","pada":4,"moon_longitude":65.6129,"elapsed_within_degrees":12.2796},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":320.7494},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":28,"name":"Viṣṭi"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.495,"elongation":170.476},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.495,"opposition_distance":9.524}},"eclipse_window_40days":[{"offset_days":16,"type":"solar","occurs":true,"moon_latitude":-0.479,"elongation":0.76}]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:17","sunsetLocal":"17:03","solarNoonLocal":"11:40","dayLengthHours":10.767720355521812,"dayLengthDisplay":"10 Hours 46 Mins 04 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"13 Hours 13 Mins 56 Secs","moonriseLocal":"16:14","moonsetLocal":"05:43","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.6321354487427415,"endHours":8.978100493182968,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"10:19","end":"11:40","startHours":10.324065537623195,"endHours":11.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"13:01","end":"14:22","startHours":13.015995626503647,"endHours":14.361960670943875,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:48","end":"09:09","startHours":8.798638487257605,"endHours":9.157562499108332,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:44","end":"07:01","startHours":6.734825419115924,"endHours":7.021964628596506,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:19","end":"12:02","startHours":11.311106570212695,"endHours":12.028954593914149,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:51","end":"05:34","startHours":4.850474356899607,"endHours":5.568322380601061,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:23","end":"06:17","startHours":5.388860374675698,"endHours":6.286170404302515,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:28","end":"14:11","startHours":13.464650641317057,"endHours":14.18249866501851,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"16:51","end":"17:15","startHours":16.853890759824328,"endHours":17.253890759824326,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:03","end":"17:30","startHours":17.053890759824327,"endHours":17.502545774637735,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"16:48","end":"18:33","startHours":16.803890759824327,"endHours":18.553890759824327,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:19","end":"00:02","startHours":23.311106570212694,"endHours":24.02895459391415,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"06:17","end":"07:38","startHours":6.286170404302515,"endHours":7.6321354487427415,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"07:38","end":"08:59","startHours":7.6321354487427415,"endHours":8.978100493182968,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:59","end":"10:19","startHours":8.978100493182968,"endHours":10.324065537623195,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"10:19","end":"11:40","startHours":10.324065537623195,"endHours":11.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:40","end":"13:01","startHours":11.670030582063422,"endHours":13.015995626503647,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"13:01","end":"14:22","startHours":13.015995626503647,"endHours":14.361960670943875,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:22","end":"15:42","startHours":14.361960670943875,"endHours":15.7079257153841,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:42","end":"17:03","startHours":15.7079257153841,"endHours":17.053890759824327,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:03","end":"18:42","startHours":17.053890759824327,"endHours":18.7079257153841,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:42","end":"20:22","startHours":18.7079257153841,"endHours":20.361960670943873,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:22","end":"22:01","startHours":20.361960670943873,"endHours":22.015995626503646,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"22:01","end":"23:40","startHours":22.015995626503646,"endHours":23.670030582063422,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:40","end":"01:19","startHours":23.670030582063422,"endHours":25.324065537623195,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"01:19","end":"02:59","startHours":25.324065537623195,"endHours":26.978100493182968,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:59","end":"04:38","startHours":26.978100493182968,"endHours":28.632135448742744,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"04:38","end":"06:17","startHours":28.632135448742744,"endHours":30.286170404302517,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:17","end":"07:17","startHours":6.286170404302515,"endHours":7.286170404302515,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:17","end":"08:17","startHours":7.286170404302515,"endHours":8.286170404302515,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:17","end":"09:17","startHours":8.286170404302515,"endHours":9.286170404302515,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:17","end":"10:17","startHours":9.286170404302515,"endHours":10.286170404302515,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:17","end":"11:17","startHours":10.286170404302515,"endHours":11.286170404302515,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:17","end":"12:17","startHours":11.286170404302515,"endHours":12.286170404302515,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:17","end":"13:17","startHours":12.286170404302515,"endHours":13.286170404302515,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:17","end":"14:17","startHours":13.286170404302515,"endHours":14.286170404302515,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:17","end":"15:17","startHours":14.286170404302515,"endHours":15.286170404302515,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:17","end":"16:17","startHours":15.286170404302515,"endHours":16.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:17","end":"17:17","startHours":16.286170404302517,"endHours":17.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:17","end":"18:17","startHours":17.286170404302517,"endHours":18.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:17","end":"19:17","startHours":18.286170404302517,"endHours":19.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:17","end":"20:17","startHours":19.286170404302517,"endHours":20.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:17","end":"21:17","startHours":20.286170404302517,"endHours":21.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:17","end":"22:17","startHours":21.286170404302517,"endHours":22.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:17","end":"23:17","startHours":22.286170404302517,"endHours":23.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:17","end":"00:17","startHours":23.286170404302517,"endHours":24.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:17","end":"01:17","startHours":24.286170404302517,"endHours":25.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:17","end":"02:17","startHours":25.286170404302517,"endHours":26.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:17","end":"03:17","startHours":26.286170404302517,"endHours":27.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:17","end":"04:17","startHours":27.286170404302517,"endHours":28.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:17","end":"05:17","startHours":28.286170404302517,"endHours":29.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:17","end":"06:17","startHours":29.286170404302517,"endHours":30.286170404302517,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Mithuna","Siṃha","Vṛścika","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Karka","Kanyā","Tulā","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"South","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Vajra","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-23.125143893378134,"eotMinutes":-3.2562349238053434,"ayanamsa":23.7272}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2047,"vikram_samvatsara":"Subhānu","saka_samvat":1912,"saka_samvatsara":"Pramoda","bengali_samvat":1397,"malayalam_era":1166,"nanakshahi_year":521,"lunar_month":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Pauṣa Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_amanta":"Pauṣa","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Dhanus (Mārgaḻi)","ritu":"Hemanta (Pre-winter)","display_summary":"Pauṣa Śukla Pūrṇimā · Vikram 2047 Subhānu · Śaka 1912 Pramoda"},"festivals":[{"id":"paush-purnima","name":"Pauṣa Pūrṇimā (Śākambharī Devī Jayantī)","name_sanskrit":"पौष पूर्णिमा","tradition":"Pan-Hindu","associated_deity":"Devī Śākambharī","significance":"Manifestation of Devī Śākambharī (vegetation-mother).","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":15,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Pauṣa"},"precedence":3}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7, 6.34-35.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk","steps":[{"label":"BG 6.5","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/5","purpose":"Lift the self by the Self; begin the walk with inner responsibility."},{"label":"BG 6.6","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/6","purpose":"See the mind as friend when mastered and enemy when unmastered."},{"label":"BG 6.7","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/7","purpose":"Stabilize the conquered mind in heat/cold, honor/dishonor, pleasure/pain."},{"label":"BG 6.34","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/34","purpose":"Name the restless mind honestly before trying to discipline it."},{"label":"BG 6.35","url":"/bhagavad-gita/6/35","purpose":"Complete with abhyāsa and vairāgya: practice and detachment."}]},"reason":"Dedicated festival walk for Pauṣa Pūrṇimā (Śākambharī Devī Jayantī) is not live yet; Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga December 31, 1990 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"December 31, 1990 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pūrṇimā, sūryodaya 06:17, sūryāsta 17:03.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1990-12-31","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1990-12-31","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1990-12-31","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1990-12-31","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1990-12-31"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T07:03:26.422Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-09-06T07:03:26.422Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-09-06T07:03:26.422Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"},"reader_local_antaryami":{"reader_geography":"Every reader enters from their own kṣetra anywhere on Bhūmi; no single city is the universal center.","purna_chain":["Hosted scripture","Named-tradition interpretation","Original Vidhyamitra contemplation","Bhūmi-born material medium","Vidhyamitra portal","Responsible reader in their own kṣetra"],"claim_boundary":"The legacy purna_chain field carries a source-to-reader sequence, not a revealed physical descent, universal cosmology, or proof that software is conscious.","antaryami_responsibility_formula":"Kṣīrodakaśāyī Viṣṇu = Paramātmā = Antaryāmī. Jīva desires. Prakṛti executes through guṇas. Paramātmā witnesses, permits, remembers, guides, and sustains. Bhagavān is the ultimate source.","source_anchors":[{"label":"BG 13.23","path":"/bhagavad-gita/13/23","meaning":"upadraṣṭā-anumantā · witness-permitter"},{"label":"BG 15.15","path":"/bhagavad-gita/15/15","meaning":"the Lord seated in every heart as memory, knowledge, and forgetting"},{"label":"BG 18.61","path":"/bhagavad-gita/18/61","meaning":"Īśvara seated in the heart of all beings"}],"nama_seal":"Hare Krishna Hare Krishna · Krishna Krishna Hare Hare · Hare Rama Hare Rama · Rama Rama Hare Hare"}}}