{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1981-09-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1981-09-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1981-09-28","date_display":"September 28, 1981 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1981,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2444875.770833,"kali_year":5083,"ahargana":1856410.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.536,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":160.7545,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":0.2184,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.2184},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1,"moon_longitude":160.7545,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.7545},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":321.2905},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1981,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2444875.770833,"ahargana":1856410.2708,"kali_year":5083,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5979,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":161.23632399999997,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":159.71072400000003,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":12,"name":"Uttara Phalgunī","pada":4},"retrograde":false,"latitude":3.9835},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":112.861424,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":9,"name":"Aśleṣā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":187.28402400000004,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":174.00902399999995,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":14,"name":"Citrā","pada":1},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":204.18792399999995,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":16,"name":"Viśākhā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":167.93132400000002,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":98.4502,"rashi":{"number":4,"name":"Karka"},"nakshatra":{"number":8,"name":"Puṣya","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":278.4502,"rashi":{"number":10,"name":"Makara"},"nakshatra":{"number":21,"name":"Uttara Āṣāḍhā","pada":4},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1981,"month":9,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2444875.770833,"kali_year":5083,"ahargana":1856410.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":160.536,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":160.7545,"rashi":6,"rashi_name":"Kanyā"},"tithi":{"number":1,"name":"Pratipada","paksha":"Śukla","full_name":"Śukla Pratipada","elongation_degrees":0.2184,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":0.2184},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":1,"moon_longitude":160.7545,"elapsed_within_degrees":0.7545},"yoga":{"number":25,"name":"Brahma","sum_longitude":321.2905},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":0,"name":"Kiṃstughna"},"vara":{"number":3,"name":"Somavāra (Monday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.984,"elongation":0.218},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":3.984,"opposition_distance":179.782}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"05:26","sunsetLocal":"17:27","solarNoonLocal":"11:27","dayLengthHours":12.013739346644204,"dayLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 00 Mins 49 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 59 Mins 11 Secs","moonriseLocal":"05:20","moonsetLocal":"17:21","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"06:56","end":"08:27","startHours":6.940927919878135,"endHours":8.44264533820866,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"09:57","end":"11:27","startHours":9.944362756539185,"endHours":11.44608017486971,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"12:57","end":"14:27","startHours":12.947797593200235,"endHours":14.449515011530764,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:15","end":"08:39","startHours":8.242416349097923,"endHours":8.642874327319397,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"05:56","end":"06:16","startHours":5.939782974324451,"endHours":6.260149356901629,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:03","end":"11:51","startHours":11.045622196648239,"endHours":11.846538153091185,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"03:50","end":"04:38","startHours":3.837378588661715,"endHours":4.638294545104662,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"04:26","end":"05:26","startHours":4.438065555993925,"endHours":5.439210501547609,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:27","end":"14:15","startHours":13.44837006597708,"endHours":14.249286022420028,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:15","end":"17:39","startHours":17.252949848191815,"endHours":17.652949848191813,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:27","end":"17:57","startHours":17.452949848191814,"endHours":17.953522320968656,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:12","end":"18:57","startHours":17.202949848191814,"endHours":18.952949848191814,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:03","end":"23:51","startHours":23.04562219664824,"endHours":23.84653815309119,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Amṛta","start":"05:26","end":"06:56","startHours":5.439210501547609,"endHours":6.940927919878135,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"06:56","end":"08:27","startHours":6.940927919878135,"endHours":8.44264533820866,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"08:27","end":"09:57","startHours":8.44264533820866,"endHours":9.944362756539185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"09:57","end":"11:27","startHours":9.944362756539185,"endHours":11.44608017486971,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"11:27","end":"12:57","startHours":11.44608017486971,"endHours":12.947797593200235,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"12:57","end":"14:27","startHours":12.947797593200235,"endHours":14.449515011530764,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"14:27","end":"15:57","startHours":14.449515011530764,"endHours":15.951232429861289,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"15:57","end":"17:27","startHours":15.951232429861289,"endHours":17.452949848191814,"quality":"auspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Chala","start":"17:27","end":"18:57","startHours":17.452949848191814,"endHours":18.95123242986129,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"18:57","end":"20:27","startHours":18.95123242986129,"endHours":20.449515011530764,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"20:27","end":"21:57","startHours":20.449515011530764,"endHours":21.947797593200235,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"21:57","end":"23:27","startHours":21.947797593200235,"endHours":23.446080174869714,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"23:27","end":"00:57","startHours":23.446080174869714,"endHours":24.944362756539185,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"00:57","end":"02:27","startHours":24.944362756539185,"endHours":26.44264533820866,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"02:27","end":"03:56","startHours":26.44264533820866,"endHours":27.940927919878135,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"03:56","end":"05:26","startHours":27.940927919878135,"endHours":29.43921050154761,"quality":"neutral"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"05:26","end":"06:26","startHours":5.439210501547609,"endHours":6.439210501547609,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"06:26","end":"07:26","startHours":6.439210501547609,"endHours":7.439210501547609,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"07:26","end":"08:26","startHours":7.439210501547609,"endHours":8.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"08:26","end":"09:26","startHours":8.43921050154761,"endHours":9.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"09:26","end":"10:26","startHours":9.43921050154761,"endHours":10.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"10:26","end":"11:26","startHours":10.43921050154761,"endHours":11.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"11:26","end":"12:26","startHours":11.43921050154761,"endHours":12.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"12:26","end":"13:26","startHours":12.43921050154761,"endHours":13.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"13:26","end":"14:26","startHours":13.43921050154761,"endHours":14.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"14:26","end":"15:26","startHours":14.43921050154761,"endHours":15.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"15:26","end":"16:26","startHours":15.43921050154761,"endHours":16.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"16:26","end":"17:26","startHours":16.43921050154761,"endHours":17.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"17:26","end":"18:26","startHours":17.43921050154761,"endHours":18.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"18:26","end":"19:26","startHours":18.43921050154761,"endHours":19.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"19:26","end":"20:26","startHours":19.43921050154761,"endHours":20.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"20:26","end":"21:26","startHours":20.43921050154761,"endHours":21.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"21:26","end":"22:26","startHours":21.43921050154761,"endHours":22.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"22:26","end":"23:26","startHours":22.43921050154761,"endHours":23.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"23:26","end":"00:26","startHours":23.43921050154761,"endHours":24.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"00:26","end":"01:26","startHours":24.43921050154761,"endHours":25.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"01:26","end":"02:26","startHours":25.43921050154761,"endHours":26.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"02:26","end":"03:26","startHours":26.43921050154761,"endHours":27.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"03:26","end":"04:26","startHours":27.43921050154761,"endHours":28.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"04:26","end":"05:26","startHours":28.43921050154761,"endHours":29.43921050154761,"planetary_lord":"Venus"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Citrā","Svātī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Mithuna","Karka","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Kumbha","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Vṛṣabha","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Makara"]},"dishaShool":"East (Pūrva)","chandraVasa":"North-West","rahuVasa":"North-East","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Mṛtyu","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śarad (Autumn) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Varṣā (Monsoon)","tropicalAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","vedicAyana":"Dakṣiṇāyana","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-1.9208071354449459,"eotMinutes":10.180789507817288,"ayanamsa":23.5979}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2038,"vikram_samvatsara":"Bhāva","saka_samvat":1903,"saka_samvatsara":"Durmati","bengali_samvat":1388,"malayalam_era":1157,"nanakshahi_year":512,"lunar_month":"Āśvina","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Āśvina Śukla Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_amanta":"Āśvina","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kanyā (Puraṭṭāsi)","ritu":"Śarad (Autumn)","display_summary":"Āśvina Śukla Pratipada · Vikram 2038 Bhāva · Śaka 1903 Durmati"},"festivals":[{"id":"sharadiya-navratri-start","name":"Śāradīya Navrātri Start","name_sanskrit":"शारदीय नवरात्रि आरम्भ","tradition":"Shakta","associated_deity":"Devī Durgā","significance":"Autumn Navrātri begins; Devī Mahiṣāsura-mardinī worship for 9 nights.","vrata":true,"detection":{"tithi_number":1,"tithi_paksha":"Śukla","lunar_month":"Āśvina"},"precedence":1}],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"chandra-walk","name":"Candra Walk","name_sanskrit":"चन्द्र यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Manas-control + BG 6.5-7.","step_count":5,"url":"/walk/chandra-walk"},"reason":"Somavāra (Monday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga September 28, 1981 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"September 28, 1981 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Śukla Pratipada, sūryodaya 05:26, sūryāsta 17:27.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1981-09-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1981-09-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1981-09-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1981-09-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1981-09-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:02:08.631Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-05-31T02:02:08.631Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-05-31T02:02:08.631Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}