{"id":"vidhyamitra:city-day:howrah:1978-02-28:en","page_class":"VM-CD-city-day","url":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1978-02-28","language":{"target_lang":"en","base_lang":"en","quality_tier":"canonical"},"data":{"date":"1978-02-28","date_display":"February 28, 1978 CE","panchanga":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443567.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855102.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.7488,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":197.07,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":241.3213,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.3213},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":197.07,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.4034},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":152.8188},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"sky":{"method":"Sūrya-Siddhāntic Bhāskara-II 4-step iteration with atan2-based śīghra + varying peripheries + lunar latitude","engine_version":"3.0 (Pūrṇa — complete SS implementation)","tradition_sources":"Āryabhaṭīya 499 CE → SS Ch.1-5 Burgess 1860 → Siddhānta-Śiromaṇi Bhāskara II 1150 → Tantrasaṅgraha Nīlakaṇṭha 1501","input":{"year":1978,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443567.770833,"ahargana":1855102.2708,"kali_year":5079,"ayanamsa_lahiri":23.5479,"grahas":{"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.547199,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":195.71579900000006,"rashi":{"number":7,"name":"Tulā"},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":3},"retrograde":false,"latitude":2.2016},"mars":{"sidereal_longitude":89.10069899999996,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":7,"name":"Punarvasu","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"mercury":{"sidereal_longitude":316.600099,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":24,"name":"Śatabhiṣā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"jupiter":{"sidereal_longitude":62.376799000000005,"rashi":{"number":3,"name":"Mithuna"},"nakshatra":{"number":5,"name":"Mr̥gaśirā","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"venus":{"sidereal_longitude":324.744999,"rashi":{"number":11,"name":"Kumbha"},"nakshatra":{"number":25,"name":"Pūrva Bhādrapadā","pada":2},"retrograde":false},"saturn":{"sidereal_longitude":122.59139900000002,"rashi":{"number":5,"name":"Siṃha"},"nakshatra":{"number":10,"name":"Maghā","pada":1},"retrograde":true},"rahu":{"sidereal_longitude":167.7543,"rashi":{"number":6,"name":"Kanyā"},"nakshatra":{"number":13,"name":"Hasta","pada":3},"retrograde":false},"ketu":{"sidereal_longitude":347.7543,"rashi":{"number":12,"name":"Mīna"},"nakshatra":{"number":27,"name":"Revatī","pada":1},"retrograde":false}},"panchang":{"method":"Sūrya Siddhānta + Bhāskara-II iterative manda + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) evection + variation + annual equation","engine_version":"2.0 (Kerala-school enhanced)","accuracy_note":"Sub-degree on Moon at any Kali-Yuga date (~2-5° residual max)","tradition_chain":"Āryabhaṭa(499) → Brahmagupta(628) → Bhāskara II(1150) → Mādhava(~1400) → Parameśvara(1430) → Nīlakaṇṭha(1501) → this","input":{"year":1978,"month":2,"day":28,"hour":6,"minute":30,"second":0,"calendar":"gregorian"},"julian_day":2443567.770833,"kali_year":5079,"ahargana":1855102.2708,"sun":{"sidereal_longitude":315.7488,"rashi":11,"rashi_name":"Kumbha"},"moon":{"sidereal_longitude":197.07,"rashi":7,"rashi_name":"Tulā"},"tithi":{"number":21,"name":"Ṣaṣṭhī","paksha":"Kṛṣṇa","full_name":"Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī","elongation_degrees":241.3213,"elapsed_within_tithi_degrees":1.3213},"nakshatra":{"number":15,"name":"Svātī","pada":4,"moon_longitude":197.07,"elapsed_within_degrees":10.4034},"yoga":{"number":12,"name":"Dhruva","sum_longitude":152.8188},"karana":{"half_tithi_index":40,"name":"Gara"},"vara":{"number":4,"name":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday)"}},"eclipse_current":{"solar":{"type":"solar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.202,"elongation":118.679},"lunar":{"type":"lunar","occurs":false,"moon_latitude":2.202,"opposition_distance":61.321}},"eclipse_window_40days":[]},"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"tier2":{"city":{"slug":"howrah","name":"Howrah, West Bengal","lat":22.5958,"lon":88.2636,"tz_offset_hours":5.5,"state":"West Bengal","country":"IN","tier":"tier-1"},"sunriseLocal":"06:00","sunsetLocal":"17:40","solarNoonLocal":"11:50","dayLengthHours":11.665601701446185,"dayLengthDisplay":"11 Hours 39 Mins 56 Secs","nightLengthDisplay":"12 Hours 20 Mins 04 Secs","moonriseLocal":"22:13","moonsetLocal":"09:29","rahuKala":{"name":"Rāhu Kāla","start":"14:45","end":"16:13","startHours":14.752544739128671,"endHours":16.210744951809446,"quality":"inauspicious"},"yamaganda":{"name":"Yamaganda","start":"08:55","end":"10:23","startHours":8.919743888405579,"endHours":10.377944101086353,"quality":"inauspicious"},"gulika":{"name":"Gulika Kāla","start":"11:50","end":"13:18","startHours":11.836144313767125,"endHours":13.294344526447897,"quality":"inauspicious"},"durMuhurta":[{"name":"Dur Muhūrta","start":"08:44","end":"09:07","startHours":8.725317193381475,"endHours":9.114170583429683,"quality":"avoid"}],"varjyam":{"name":"Varjyam","start":"06:29","end":"06:48","startHours":6.48941020060429,"endHours":6.800492912642855,"quality":"avoid"},"abhijit":{"name":"Abhijit Muhūrta","start":"11:27","end":"12:13","startHours":11.447290923718919,"endHours":12.224997703815331,"quality":"auspicious"},"brahmaMuhurta":{"name":"Brahma Muhūrta","start":"04:27","end":"05:14","startHours":4.447929902851207,"endHours":5.22563668294762,"quality":"auspicious"},"pratahSandhya":{"name":"Prātaḥ Sandhyā","start":"05:02","end":"06:00","startHours":5.031209987923517,"endHours":6.0033434630440325,"quality":"auspicious"},"vijayaMuhurta":{"name":"Vijaya Muhūrta","start":"13:47","end":"14:33","startHours":13.780411264008157,"endHours":14.55811804410457,"quality":"auspicious"},"godhuliMuhurta":{"name":"Godhūli Muhūrta","start":"17:28","end":"17:52","startHours":17.46894516449022,"endHours":17.868945164490217,"quality":"auspicious"},"sayahnaSandhya":{"name":"Sāyāhna Sandhyā","start":"17:40","end":"18:09","startHours":17.668945164490218,"endHours":18.155011902050475,"quality":"auspicious"},"amritKala":{"name":"Amṛta Kāla","start":"17:25","end":"19:10","startHours":17.418945164490218,"endHours":19.168945164490218,"quality":"auspicious"},"nishitaMuhurta":{"name":"Niśīta Muhūrta","start":"23:27","end":"00:13","startHours":23.44729092371892,"endHours":24.22499770381533,"quality":"auspicious"},"dayChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Roga","start":"06:00","end":"07:28","startHours":6.0033434630440325,"endHours":7.461543675724806,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"07:28","end":"08:55","startHours":7.461543675724806,"endHours":8.919743888405579,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"08:55","end":"10:23","startHours":8.919743888405579,"endHours":10.377944101086353,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"10:23","end":"11:50","startHours":10.377944101086353,"endHours":11.836144313767125,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"11:50","end":"13:18","startHours":11.836144313767125,"endHours":13.294344526447897,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"13:18","end":"14:45","startHours":13.294344526447897,"endHours":14.752544739128671,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"14:45","end":"16:13","startHours":14.752544739128671,"endHours":16.210744951809446,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"16:13","end":"17:40","startHours":16.210744951809446,"endHours":17.668945164490218,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"nightChoghadiyas":[{"name":"Kāla","start":"17:40","end":"19:13","startHours":17.668945164490218,"endHours":19.210744951809446,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Śubha","start":"19:13","end":"20:45","startHours":19.210744951809446,"endHours":20.752544739128673,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Roga","start":"20:45","end":"22:18","startHours":20.752544739128673,"endHours":22.294344526447897,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Udveg","start":"22:18","end":"23:50","startHours":22.294344526447897,"endHours":23.836144313767125,"quality":"inauspicious"},{"name":"Chala","start":"23:50","end":"01:23","startHours":23.836144313767125,"endHours":25.377944101086353,"quality":"neutral"},{"name":"Labha","start":"01:23","end":"02:55","startHours":25.377944101086353,"endHours":26.919743888405577,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Amṛta","start":"02:55","end":"04:28","startHours":26.919743888405577,"endHours":28.461543675724805,"quality":"auspicious"},{"name":"Kāla","start":"04:28","end":"06:00","startHours":28.461543675724805,"endHours":30.003343463044033,"quality":"inauspicious"}],"horas":[{"name":"Hora 1","start":"06:00","end":"07:00","startHours":6.0033434630440325,"endHours":7.0033434630440325,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 2","start":"07:00","end":"08:00","startHours":7.0033434630440325,"endHours":8.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 3","start":"08:00","end":"09:00","startHours":8.003343463044033,"endHours":9.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 4","start":"09:00","end":"10:00","startHours":9.003343463044033,"endHours":10.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 5","start":"10:00","end":"11:00","startHours":10.003343463044033,"endHours":11.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 6","start":"11:00","end":"12:00","startHours":11.003343463044033,"endHours":12.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 7","start":"12:00","end":"13:00","startHours":12.003343463044033,"endHours":13.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 8","start":"13:00","end":"14:00","startHours":13.003343463044033,"endHours":14.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 9","start":"14:00","end":"15:00","startHours":14.003343463044033,"endHours":15.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 10","start":"15:00","end":"16:00","startHours":15.003343463044033,"endHours":16.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 11","start":"16:00","end":"17:00","startHours":16.003343463044033,"endHours":17.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 12","start":"17:00","end":"18:00","startHours":17.003343463044033,"endHours":18.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 13","start":"18:00","end":"19:00","startHours":18.003343463044033,"endHours":19.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 14","start":"19:00","end":"20:00","startHours":19.003343463044033,"endHours":20.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 15","start":"20:00","end":"21:00","startHours":20.003343463044033,"endHours":21.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 16","start":"21:00","end":"22:00","startHours":21.003343463044033,"endHours":22.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 17","start":"22:00","end":"23:00","startHours":22.003343463044033,"endHours":23.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"},{"name":"Hora 18","start":"23:00","end":"00:00","startHours":23.003343463044033,"endHours":24.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Moon"},{"name":"Hora 19","start":"00:00","end":"01:00","startHours":24.003343463044033,"endHours":25.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Mercury"},{"name":"Hora 20","start":"01:00","end":"02:00","startHours":25.003343463044033,"endHours":26.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Venus"},{"name":"Hora 21","start":"02:00","end":"03:00","startHours":26.003343463044033,"endHours":27.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Sun"},{"name":"Hora 22","start":"03:00","end":"04:00","startHours":27.003343463044033,"endHours":28.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Mars"},{"name":"Hora 23","start":"04:00","end":"05:00","startHours":28.003343463044033,"endHours":29.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Jupiter"},{"name":"Hora 24","start":"05:00","end":"06:00","startHours":29.003343463044033,"endHours":30.003343463044033,"planetary_lord":"Saturn"}],"taraBala":{"favorable_nakshatras":["Aśvinī","Bharaṇī","Punarvasu","Puṣya","Aśleṣā","Maghā","Pūrva Phalgunī","Viśākhā","Anurādhā","Jyeṣṭhā","Mūla","Pūrva Āṣāḍhā","Pūrva Bhādrapadā","Uttara Bhādrapadā","Revatī"],"unfavorable_nakshatras":["Kṛttikā","Rohiṇī","Mṛgaśirā","Ārdrā","Uttara Phalgunī","Hasta","Citrā","Svātī","Uttara Āṣāḍhā","Śravaṇa","Dhaniṣṭhā","Śatabhiṣaj"],"nature":"Janma-tara if same nakshatra; favorable for 15 nakshatras"},"chandraBala":{"favorable_rashis":["Meṣa","Karka","Siṃha","Tulā","Dhanu","Mīna"],"unfavorable_rashis":["Vṛṣabha","Mithuna","Kanyā","Vṛścika","Makara","Kumbha"]},"dishaShool":"North (Uttara)","chandraVasa":"North","rahuVasa":"North","anandadiYoga":{"name":"Gada","quality":"Inauspicious"},"tropicalRitu":"Śiśira (Winter) (tropical)","vedicRitu":"Śiśira (Winter)","tropicalAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","vedicAyana":"Uttarāyaṇa","meta":{"method":"BOB-History Sūrya-Siddhānta + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 spherical localization","declination":-8.158851633304943,"eotMinutes":-13.223058826027486,"ayanamsa":23.5479}},"calendars":{"vikram_samvat":2035,"vikram_samvatsara":"Prajāpati","saka_samvat":1900,"saka_samvatsara":"Kālayukta","bengali_samvat":1385,"malayalam_era":1154,"nanakshahi_year":509,"lunar_month":"Phālguna","lunar_month_paksha_full":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Pakṣa","lunar_month_system":"purnimanta","lunar_month_purnimanta":"Phālguna","lunar_month_amanta":"Māgha","lunar_month_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_purnimanta_is_adhika":false,"lunar_month_amanta_is_adhika":false,"solar_month":"Kumbha (Māsi)","ritu":"Śiśira (Winter)","display_summary":"Phālguna Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī · Vikram 2035 Prajāpati · Śaka 1900 Kālayukta"},"festivals":[],"todays_walk":{"walk":{"id":"mangala-walk","name":"Maṅgala Walk","name_sanskrit":"मङ्गल यात्रा","type":"graha","description":"Right action + BG 2.31-38 (kṣatriya-dharma).","step_count":7,"url":"/walk/mangala-walk"},"reason":"Maṅgalavāra (Tuesday) — its presiding graha's walk."},"cosmic_resonances":[]},"validity":{"eternal":false,"location_specific":"howrah"},"liturgical":{"opening":"जय श्री कृष्ण","closing":"ॐ तत् सत्","attribution":"Computed by Vidhyamitra Sūrya-Siddhānta substrate + Vidhyamitra Tier-2 layer"},"seo":{"title":"Pañchāṅga February 28, 1978 CE · Howrah, West Bengal · Vidhyamitra","description":"February 28, 1978 CE for Howrah, West Bengal: Kṛṣṇa Ṣaṣṭhī, sūryodaya 06:00, sūryāsta 17:40.","schema_org_type":"Article","canonical":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1978-02-28","hreflang_alternates":{"en":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1978-02-28","sa":"https://sa.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1978-02-28","hi":"https://hi.vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1978-02-28","x-default":"https://vidhyamitra.com/city/howrah/1978-02-28"}},"provenance":[{"pillar":"BOB-History","pillar_version":"2.12.0","method":"Sūrya-Siddhānta first-principles + Bhāskara II + Kerala-school (Mādhava-Nīlakaṇṭha) corrections","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T06:48:18.628Z","verification":{"type":"multi-marker","confidence":"canonical"}},{"pillar":"Vidhyamitra-Tier2","pillar_version":"0.1.0","method":"Spherical astronomy + Lahiri ayanamsa + standard solar declination + EoT correction","retrieved_at":"2026-06-02T06:48:18.628Z","verification":{"type":"community-validated","markers":["modern-reference checked timing on Narasiṁha Jayantī 2026"],"confidence":"verified"}}],"meta":{"generated_at":"2026-06-02T06:48:18.628Z","pillar_versions":{"Sūrya-Siddhānta":"Pūrṇa","Vidhyamitra-Tier2":"Pūrṇa"}}}